کنترل جمعیت سوسمارها در محیط های نظامی: یک مطالعه مروری

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت و تغذیه، پژوهشکده سبک زندگی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)، تهران، ایران

2 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

گونه­‌های متعددی از سوسمار­ها در ارتباط نزدیک با مناطق مسکونی و محیط‌­های نظامی هستند. اماکن نظامی غالبا در حاشیه شهرها احداث می‌­شوند و برنامه‌­های نظامی نیز اعم از رزمایش‌­ها و اردوها اغلب در مناطقی برگزار می‌­شوند که زیستگاه طبیعی سوسمار­ها محسوب می‌­شوند. تونل­‌های زیرزمینی و انبارهای تسلیحات نظامی نیز می‌­توانند محل زیست این موجودات باشند. سوسمار­های ایران اگرچه سمی نیستند اما تعدادی از آن­‌ها می­‌توانند گازهای دردناکی بگیرند و سبب ایجاد جراحت و عفونت­ شوند. از طرفی، مواجهه با این خزندگان برای بسیاری از افراد دلهره­‌آور یا مشمئز کننده است، به‌طوری که اغلب سبب ترس و وسواس به‌­ویژه در هنگام خواب و در نهایت کاهش تمرکز و توان رزمی نیروهای نظامی می‌­شود. موارد پرشماری از ترس شدید، اضطراب، تشنج و کاهش کارایی یگان‌­های نظامی به دنبال رویارویی با سوسمار­ها گزارش شده است. بنابراین، به­‌منظور برطرف­‌کردن این مشکل، اتخاذ به موقع و صحیح روش‌­های پیشگیرانه و کنترلی جهت کنترل وفور سوسمار­ها در مناطق نظامی، امری ضروری است. برای دستیابی به این مهم، شناخت گونه­‌های با اهمیت پزشکی در محیط نظامی، نوع زیستگاه، رفتار و اکولوژی آن­‌ها نقش بسزایی دارد. در این مطالعه هدف بر آن است که آگاهی عمومی در مورد سوسمارها و علل حضور آن­‌ها در محیط­‌های نظامی را ارتقاء دهد و روش‌­های پیشگیرانه و کنترلی سوسمار­ها بسته به ماهیت و ویژگی گونه­‌ها پیشنهاد کند. مطالعات جانورشناسی به منظور پایش زیستگاه و شناسایی گونه­‌ها و وفور آن­‌ها، قبل از احداث تاسیسات نظامی و برپایی اردوگاه­‌های دائم و موقت و پیش از شروع رزمایش­‌ها امری ضروری است. در این مطالعه، اقدامات پیشگیرانه و کنترلی به تفکیک اقدامات محیطی، فیزیکی، کنترل شیمیایی و زیستی سوسمار­ها در محیط‌­های نظامی و نیز ضرورت آموزش به کارکنان بخش بهداشت و درمان یگان­‌های نظامی مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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