تاثیر هشت هفته برنامه پیشگیرانه از آسیب بر عملکرد و درد اسکلتی عضلانی دانشجویان دانشگاه افسری امام علی (ع)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه افسری امام علی (ع)

2 دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشگاه آزاد کرج

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تأثیر هشت هفته برنامه پیشگیرانه از آسیب بر عملکرد و درد اسکلتی عضلانی دانشجویان دانشگاه افسری امام علی (ع) بود.
روش‌ها: تحقیق حاضر از نوع نیمه تجربی و طرح تحقیق از نوع دو گروهی با فرایند پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون در هر دو گروه و اعمال مداخله بر گروه تجربی می‌باشد. بدین منظور تعداد 80 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه افسری امام علی (ع) به‌صورت در دسترس انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه تجربی (40 نفر) و کنترل (40 نفر) تقسیم شدند. از آزمون غربالگری حرکتی عملکردی (FMS: Functional Movement Screen) برای بررسی عملکرد و از پرسشنامه نوردیک برای بررسی درد اسکلتی عضلانی آزمودنی‌ها استفاده شد. سپس آزمودنی‌های گروه تجربی پروتکل تمرینی با رویکرد پیشگیری از آسیب را به مدت 8 هفته و هفته‌ای 3 جلسه (24 جلسه) انجام دادند و در این مدت آزمودنی‌های گروه کنترل فعالیت‌های روزانه خود را انجام دادند. پس از اتمام تمرینات، پس‌آزمون مشابه با پیش‌آزمون از دو گروه گرفته شد. از روش‏ آماری کولموگروف اسمیرنف برای بررسی نرمال بودن داده‌ها و از روش تی‌‏زوجی و آنالیز کوواریانس برای مقایسه نمرات آزمون عملکردی و درد اسکلتی عضلانی دو گروه قبل و بعد از انجام تمرینات استفاده شد.
 یافته‌ها: نتایج آزمون تی زوجی نشان داد در تمامی آزمون‌های FMS به‌جز انعطاف‌پذیری شانه بین پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون تنها در گروه تجربی اختلاف معنی‌داری یافت شد (0/05>P < /span>) همچنین نتایج آزمون آنالیز کوواریانس نشان‌دهنده بهبود عملکرد آزمودنی‌ها در تمامی آزمون‌ها به‌جز انعطاف‌پذیری شانه، در پس‌آزمون بین دو گروه بود (0/05P<). همچنین نتایج پرسشنامه نوردیک نشان داد اختلالات در ناحیه کمر 65 درصد و در ناحیه زانو 53 درصد بود. تعداد افرادی که آسیب ملایم کمر داشتند در گروه تجربی از 18 به 9 آسیب و تعداد افراد دارای آسیب شدید کمر از 6 به 2 آسیب کاهش یافت که اختلاف معنی‌داری را پیش و پس از هشت هفته مداخله نشان داد (0/05>P < /span>) اما این اختلاف در گروه کنترل معنی‌دار نبود (0/05<P < /span>). همچنین تعداد افرادی که آسیب ملایم زانو داشتند در گروه تجریی از 12 آسیب به 4 آسیب و تعداد افراد دارای آسیب شدید زانو از 7 آسیب به 2 آسیب کاهش یافت که کاهش معنی‌داری پیش و پس از هشت هفته مداخله نشان داد (0/05>P < /span>). اما این اختلاف در گروه کنترل معنی‌دار نبود (0/05<P < /span>).
نتیجه‌گیری: پژوهش حاضر نشان داد پیشگیرانه از آسیب، بر عملکرد و درد اسکلتی عضلانی زانو و کمر دانشجویان دانشگاه افسری امام علی (ع) تأثیر دارد. بنابراین اساتید و مربیان تربیت‌بدنی دانشگاه‌های افسری می‌توانند از پروتکل تمرینی تحقیق حاضر برای کاهش درد و بهبود عملکرد دانشجویان استفاده نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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