وضعیت سلامت روان و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن در سربازان ایرانی: مروری نظام‌مند

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار

2 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد

3 طبس،‌ دانشگاه آزاد

4 سبزوار، دانشگاه آزاد

5 دانشکده پیراپزشکی،‌ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: سلامت روان سربازان یک مسئله حیاتی است که امروزه موجب چالش­های زیادی شده است. این پژوهش با هدف مروری بر سلامت روان سربازان ایرانی و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن انجام شد.
روش‌ها: در این پژوهش مروری سیستماتیک، مقالات منتشر شده در بازه زمانی 15 ساله بین سال­های 1398-1383 (2019-2004) بررسی شد. جستجوی الکترونیکی به زبان فارسی و انگلیسی با کلیدواژه­های سلامت سربازان،‌ سلامت روانی نظامیان،‌ اختلالات روانی سربازان، ارتش،‌ نیروهای مسلح و سرباز در پایگاه­های علمی Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed،SID ،‌Magiran ، Medlib و Iran medex انجام شد. در جستجوی اولیه تعداد 615 مقاله در رابطه با سلامت روان سربازان به دست آمد. در مرحله بعد با تمرکز بر هدف مطالعه، غربالگری مقالات انجام شد و تعداد 286 مقاله و در نهایت با در نظر گرفتن معیارهای ورود و خروج 18 مقاله انتخاب گردید.
یافته‌ها: با توجه به مطالعات بررسی شده در این پژوهش می­توان گفت وضعیت سلامت روانی سربازان ایرانی به دو دسته عوامل کلی برون سازمانی (محیط خانوادگی،‌ عوامل اقتصادی، فرهنگی و روانی) و درون سازمانی (امکانات موجود‌، برخورد فرماندهان، نوع وظیفه­ی محول­شده و نحوه­ آموزش) وابسته است. نتایج مرور این پژوهش­ها نشان داد برخی سربازان ایرانی دچار اختلالات روانی از جمله: افسردگی، اضطراب، اختلالات خواب،‌ اعتیاد به مواد مخدر، مشکلات شخصیتی شامل پارانوئید، مانیا،‌ اسکیزوفرنی، هیستری و خودشیفته هستند. عوامل متعددی از جمله: عوامل فردی،‌ خانوادگی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی، مدیریتی و سازمانی در وضعیت روان آنها مؤثر است.
نتیجه‌گیری: افزایش اختلالات روانی در قشر جوان و به­خصوص سربازان وظیفه، ارایه راهکارهای مؤثر برای ارتقا سطح سلامت روانی آنها را ضروری می­نماید. در این زمینه سنجش ویژگی­های شخصیتی سربازان در بدو ورود به مراکز نظامی و برگزاری کارگاه­های مقابله­ای می­تواند حتی الامکان از بروز آسیب­های احتمالی پیشگیری نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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