لیشمانیوزجلدی در مناطق نظامی ایران و خاورمیانه و روش های پیشگیری، تشخیص و درمان آن- مطالعه مروری روایتی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت و تغذیه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: لیشمانیوز جلدی (CL) در حال حاضر مهمترین بیماری منتقله توسط ناقلین در ایران است. دو نوع لیشمانیوز جلدی روستایی وشهری در کشور وجود دارد که توسط فلبوتموس پاپاتاسی و سرجانتی منتقل می­شود. نیروهای نظامی در مقایسه با دیگر افراد بدلیل شرایط شغلی بیشتر در معرض ابتلا به این بیماری می­باشند. این افراد در صورت ابتلا شدن، با توجه به دوره کمون این بیماری، می­توانند بیماری را به نقاط دیگر کشور انتقال داده و موجب گسترش و انتشار آن شوند. در این مطالعه مروری به شیوع بیماری درایران و بویژه در مناطق نظامی و نیز تعدادی ازکشورهای خاورمیانه پرداخته می­شود. همچنین به اهمیت آشنایی پرسنل نظامی با علائم بالینی و روشهای پیشگیری، تشخیص و درمان لیشمانیوز جلدی در راستای پیشگیری ازگسترش بیماری اشاره می­شود.
روش­ها: در این مطالعه مروری روایتی، 302 مقاله علمی (در بازه زمانی 2018- 1980) باترکیبی از کلمات کلیدی شامل لیشمانیوز جلدی، تشخیص وکنترل، ناقل، مخزن، خاورمیانه، ایران و مناطق نظامی از پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی اختصاصی مانندSienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, IranMedex, Scopus, SID, Magiran انتخاب شدند. سپس مقالات غیرمرتبط حذف و اطلاعات لازم از 113 مقاله استخراج شد.
یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه مروری به علائم بالینی بیماری، روشهای نمونه برداری و تشخیص از جمله مستقیم، کشت، مولکولی، هیستولوژی، ایمونوهیستوشیمی، ایزوآنزیمی و روش­های نوینی مانند ( HRM:High resolution melt) و (Nucleic acid sequence based assay: NASBA) و نیز استراتژی­های درمان و کنترل مخازن و حاملین پرداخته شده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به روند افزایشی لیشمانیوز جلدی در سال­های اخیر در مناطق مختلف ایران وکشورهای همسایه لازم است تا مسئولین بهداشتی نیروهای مسلح آگاهی کافی و مفیدی درخصوص شناخت علائم بالینی، مخازن، ناقلین و روشهای کنترل و پیشگیری و تشخیص و درمان بیماری داشته باشند. این آگاهی پرسنل نظامی را قادر می­سازد تا آموزش­های لازم را جهت چگونگی کنترل بیماری در مناطق نظامی و دیگر مناطق کشور کسب نمایند و با برنامه‌ریزی­های دقیق از انتشار وگسترش بیماری جلوگیری کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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