Seroepidemiological Study of Hydatidosis by ELISA Using AgB in Military Personnel

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

5 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

6 Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aim: Hydatidosis is an important parasitic disease, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. It is a major health problem in different parts of the world including Iran. The disease can lead to serious complications in several organs, especially in liver and lungs. It seems that the military forces have a high risk of infection due to their presence in different missions in various climatic, geographical, and security conditions. This study aimed at determining the sero-prevalence of hydatidosis in the personnel of a military unit.
Methods: During a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020, antigen B (AgB) was prepared from sheep hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) by Oriol method. Two hundred and five sera samples were prepared and evaluated by AgB-ELISA.
Results: Out of 205 examined samples, 30 cases (14.6%) showed a positive response by AgB-ELISA. The most positive cases were observed in personnel aged 30-39 years (63.3%), working in the operational category (76.7%), with 11-20 years of service (43.3%), with university education (96.7%) and living in urban areas (80%). Furthermore, individuals consuming spring/boiled/mineral water (53.3%), who used salt and vinegar (50%) to wash vegetables, had the highest percentage of seropositivity. According to the statistical analysis, there was no significant relationship between the variables and the positivity of AgB-ELISA (P>0.05).
Conclusion: High sero-prevalence of antibodies (IgG) against AgB of hydatid cyct in military forces demonstrated the importance of high-quality health educational programs in such communities. Screening and following up of the persons with positive sera are also recommended.

Keywords

References

1. Eckert J, Gemmell MA, Meslin FX, Pawlowski ZS, Organization WH. WHO/OIE manual on echinococcosis in humans and animals: a public health problem of global concern. World Organisation for Animal Health; 2001. 2. Deplazes P, Rinaldi L, Rojas CA, Torgerson PR, Harandi MF, Romig T, et al. Global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Advances in Parasitology. 2017;95:315-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.11.001. 3. World Health Organization, 2020. Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group. https://www.Who.Int/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Echinococcosis. 4. Fasihi Harandi M, Budke CM, Rostami S. The monetary burden of cystic echinococcosis in Iran. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2012;6(11):e1915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001915. 5. Sadjjadi SM. Present situation of echinococcosis in the Middle East and Arabic North Africa. Parasitology International. 2006;55:S197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.030. 6. Rokni MB. Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 2009;4(2):1–16. 7. Torgerson PR, Deplazes P. Echinococcosis: diagnosis and diagnostic interpretation in population studies. Trends in Parasitology. 2009;25(4):164–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2008.12.008. 8. Zhang W, Wen H, Li J, Lin R, McManus DP. Immunology and immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis: an update. Clinical and Developmental Immunology. 2012;2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/101895. 9. Virginio VG, Hernandez A, Rott MB, Monteiro KM, Zandonai AF, Nieto A, et al. A set of recombinant antigens from Echinococcus granulosus with potential for use in the immunodiagnosis of human cystic hydatid disease. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 2003;132(2):309–315. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02123.x. 10. Shambesh MK, Craig PS, Wen H, Rogan MT, Paolillo E. IgG1 and IgG4 serum antibody responses in asymptomatic and clinically expressed cystic echinococcosis patients. Acta Tropica. 1997;64(1–2):53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-706X(96)00637-7. 11. Mohammadzadeh T, Sako Y, Sadjjadi SM, Sarkari B, Ito A. Comparison of the usefulness of hydatid cyst fluid, native antigen B and recombinant antigen B8/1 for serological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2012;106(6):371–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.01.012. 12. Darabi E, Motavaseli E, Mohebali M, Rokni MB, Khorramizadeh MR, Zahabiun F, et al. Evaluation of a novel Echinococcus granulosus recombinant fusion B-EpC1 antigen for the diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis using indirect ELISA in comparison with a commercial diagnostic ELISA kit. Experimental Parasitology. 2022;108339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108339 13. Lightowlers MW, Liu D, Haralambous A, Rickard MD. Subunit composition and specificity of the major cyst fluid antigens of Echinococcus granulosus. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 1989;37(2):171–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-6851(89)90149-7. 14. Oriol R, Williams JF, Pérez E, Oriol C. Purification of lipoprotein antigens of Echinococcus granulosus from sheep hydatid fluid. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1971;20(4):569–74. 15. Mahmoudi S, Mamishi S, Banar M, Pourakbari B, Keshavarz H. Epidemiology of echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2019;19(1):1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4458-5. 16. Zibaei M, Azargoon A, Ataie-Khorasgani M, Ghanadi K, Sadjjadi SM. The serological study of cystic echinococcosis and assessment of surgical cases during 5 years (2007-2011) in Khorram Abad, Iran. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2013;16(2):221–5. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.110156. 17. Esmaali Ghouraneh M, Saberi M, Farhadineko S, Ahmadi K, Yousefi R, Mohammadzadeh T. Seroepidemiological study of hydatid cyst using AgB by ELISA in patients admitted to central laboratory of Baqiyatallah Hospital. International Journal of Enteric Pathogens. 2019;7(1):15–18. doi :10.15171/ijep.2019.04. 18. Safari M, Hafezi F, Alinia MT, Karimi Zarchi AA, Tahernezhad A, Masoomi E, et al. Seroepidemiological study of hydatid cyst using AgB by ELISA in the military forces and their familis referred to the Imam Hossein Hospital Laboratory of kermanshah. MD thesis. 19. Baharsefat M, Massoud J, Mobedi I, Farahnak A, Rokni MB. Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis in Golestan Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 2007;2(2):20–24. 20. Ebrahimipour M, Rezaeian S, Shirzadi MR, Barati M. Prevalence and risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis in Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 2019;43(3):385–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-019-01102-w. 21. Moshfe A, Sarkari B, Arefkhah N, Nikbakht R, Shahriarirad R, Rezaei Z, et al. Seroepidemiological study of cystic echinococcosis in nomadic communities in the southwest of Iran: a population-based study. Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry. 2019;40(2):183–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2018.1547974. 22. Fallah M, Azimi A, Motavalli Haghi SM, Sarafraz N, Parsaei M, Hassanzadeh M, et al. Seroprevalence of Hydatidosis in Referrers to Laboratories of Khoda Afarin Health Center in East Azarbaijan, Iran, within 2018 to 2019. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;26(4):234–240. https://doi.10.29252/ajcm.26.4.234. 23. Hezarjaribi HZ, Fakhar M, Esboei BR, Soosaraei M, Ghorbani A, Nabyan N, et al. Serological evidence of human cystic echinococcosis and associated risk factors among general population in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Annals of medicine and surgery. 2017;18:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2017.04.012. 24. Sharafi AC, Kheirandish F, Valipour M, Saki M, Nasiri E, Darjazini S. Seroepidemiology of human cystic echinococcosis among nomads of Lorestan province, Iran. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2018;13(3). 25. Rahimi MT, Sharifdini M, Ahmadi A, Laktarashi B, Mahdavi SA, Kia EB. Hydatidosis in human and slaughtered herbivores in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2011;1(3):212–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(11)60031-5. 26. Rakhshanpour A, Harandi MF, Moazezi SS, Rahimi MT, Mohebali M, Mowlavi G, et al. Seroprevalence of human hydatidosis using ELISA method in Qom Province, central iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 2012;7(3):10. 27. Ilbeigi P, Mohebali M, Kia EB, Saber-Inasab M, Aryaeipour M, Bizhani N, et al. Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis using AgB-ELISA test in Isfahan city and suburb Areas, Isfahan Province, central Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2015;44(9):1219. 28. Gholami S, Tanzifi A, Sharif M, Daryani A, Rahimi MT, Mirshafiee S, et al. Demographic aspects of human hydatidosis in Iranian general population based on serology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Veterinary world. 2018;11(10):1385-1396. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1385-1396. 29. Garedaghi Y, Bahavarnia S. Seroepidemiology of Human Hydatidosis by ELISA Method in East-Azarbaijan Province in Iran in Year 2009. irje. 2011;7(2):25–9. 30. Sarkari B, Hosseini F, Khabisi SA, Sedaghat F. Seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in blood donors in Fars province, southern Iran. Parasite Epidemiology and Control. 2017;2(1):8–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2016.12.002.
Journal of Military Medicine
Volume 24, Issue 9 - Serial Number 118
January and February 2023
Pages 1630-1638

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics