Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases and Related Socio-Economic Factors in Iranian Military Households

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Student Research Committee, Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aim: Understanding the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases and the extent of socio-economic factors affecting their occurrence is very important in order to plan to reduce the burden of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on exposure to behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Military Households.
Methods: This research is an applied study that was performed cross-sectionally on 1204 families of the Armed Forces participating in the National Survey of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in Iran (STEPS). The data collection tool was a questionnaire adapted from a standard questionnaire (non-communicable disease care system questionnaire in the Islamic Republic of Iran). Data analysis was performed using estimation of logistic regression models using Excel and STATA software.
Results: The prevalence of smoking, unhealthy diet, and sedentary lifestyle in Iranian military households were 5.7%, 34%, and 58.6%. The probability of smoking among middle-aged people (45-59 years) was 2.19 times higher than the elderly (60 years old) (P=0.016). The probability of unhealthy diet in illiterate people was significantly 2.13 times higher than those with diploma and university education (P<0.001). The probability of sedentary lifestyle in women was significantly 1.77 times higher than men (P<0.001), 1.34 times higher in those with undergraduate degrees (P<0.033), and in unemployed people 2.07 times higher than retirees (P<0.033).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that to address health challenges and reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases, attention to the socio-economic status of households, and reduce socio-economic inequalities of households should be considered along with controlling the risk factors for non-communicable diseases.

Keywords

References

منابع 1. Organization, W.H., Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. 2014, World Health Organization. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148114/9789241564854_eng.pdf 2. Organization, W.H., Noncommunicable diseases: fact sheet. 2015. Geneva: Staying Migrated, 2017. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/350278/Fact-sheet-SDG-NCD-FINAL-25-10-17.pdf 3. Organization, W.H., Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. 2013. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/442296/retrieve 4. Yazdani S. Family Physicians: Whats and Whys. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 2011. [In Persian] 5. Nezami Asl A, Khademi A, Asgari AR. Providing a document and comprehensive health plans in the air force: an organizational requisite. Ebnesina. 2015 Oct 10;17(3):59-69. Available from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=505904 [In Persian] 6. Khoshdel A R, Sepandi M, Ziaei M, Ghaffari H R, Alimohamadi Y. Epidemiological Survey of the Most Prevalent Cancers and Its Association with Other Non-Communicable Diseases among the Iranian Military Community between 2001‒2017: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal-Mil-Med, 2019; 21(1): 3-11. URL: http://militarymedj.ir/article-1-2003-en.html [In Persian] 7. Khodaee Ataloo n. The Effect of Military Occupational Stress on the Age Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases. ajaums-jps, 2017; 12(1): 7-11. URL: http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-102-en.html [In Persian] 8. Sheikholeslam R, Mohamad A, Mohammad K, Vaseghi S. Non communicable disease risk factors in Iran. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. 2004 Jun 2;13. 9. Hosseini Shokouh S M, Arab M, Emamgholipour S, Rashidian A, Montazeri A, Zaboli R. Conceptual models of social determinants of health: a narrative review. Iranian journal of public health, 2017; 46(4): 435-446. 10. Van Lerberghe W. The world health report 2008: primary health care: now more than ever. 2008: World Health Organization. . Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43949 11. Bonita, R., Winkelmann, R., Douglas, K.A., de Courten, M. (2003). The WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (Steps) of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors. In: McQueen, D.V., Puska, P. (eds) Global Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance. Springer, Boston, MA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0071-1_3 12. Hosseini Shokouh S M, Arab M, Emamgholipour S, Meskarpour Amiri M. Socio-Economic Inequality and Mental Health in Tehran, Iran. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2021; 16(4): 375-385. Available from: http://eprints.bmsu.ac.ir/id/eprint/9317 [In Persian] 13. Asgari F, Mirzazadeh A, Miri H. Non-communicable diseases risk factors surveillance data book for 2007. Ministry of Health and Medical Education. 2010. Available from: https://nih.tums.ac.ir/upfiles/documents/314701314.pdf 14. Nazari Z, Kamyabi S, Shabani M. The Effect of Hospital Waste Management on Environmental Pollution Reduction in Ahvaz. Geography and Human Relationships. 2020; 3(2): 271-297. [In Persian] 15. Mehrabi S, Delavari A, Moradi G, Esmailnasab E N, Pooladi A, Alikhani S et al . Smoking among 15-to 64-Year-Old Iranian People in 2005. irje. 2007; 3 (1 and 2) :1-9 Available from: http://irje.tums.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.html [In Persian] 16. Edwards R. The problem of tobacco smoking. Bmj. 2004; 328(7433): 217-9. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7433.217 17. Rostami M, Amirian H, Eskandari B, Zarei M. Evaluating the Socioeconomic Inequality in Cigarette Smoking among the Rural Areas of Hamadan City (Using the Concentration Index). Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2018; 16(4): 28-36. Available from: http://psj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-407-en.html [In Persian] 18. Oli N, Vaidya A, Thapa G. Behavioural Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases among Nepalese Urban Poor: A Descriptive Study from a Slum Area of Kathmandu. Epidemiology Research International Journal. 2013; 2013: 1-13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/329156 19. Meysamie A, Ghaletaki R, Haghazali M, Asgari F, Rashidi A, Khalilzadeh O, et al. Pattern of tobacco use among the Iranian adult population: results of the national Survey of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD-2007). Tobacco control. 2010; 19(2): 125-8. Doi: 10.1136/tc.2009.030759 20. Meysami, A, Ghodsi, S.M, Eftekhar, B. Pattern of cigarette smoking in an Iranian village. 2004. 21. Moghimbeigi A, Eshraghian M, Mohammad K, Nourijelyani K, Husseini M. Determinants number of cigarette smoked with Iranian adolescents: A multilevel zero inflated poisson regression model. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2009; 38(4): 91-6. 22. Khami M, Murtomaa H, Razeghi S, Virtanen J. Smoking and its determinants among Iranian dental students. Medical principles and practice. 2010; 19(5): 390-394. Doi: 10.1159/000316379 23. Shojaeian A. Study of social inequality based on selected variables in Ahvaz city (Case Study: Shahrak Naft, Golestan, Hasir Abad). The Journal of Spatial Planning. 2015; 19(2): 33-60. Available from: http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-10065-en.html [In Persian] 24. Emami H, Habibian S, Salehi P, Azizi F. Pattern and smoking habit in an urban area in Tehran, 2001. Research in Medicine. 2003; 27 (1) :47-52. Available from: http://pejouhesh.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.html [In Persian] 25. Ebadi M, Vahdaninia M, Azin A, Aeenparast A, Omidvari S, Jahangiri K, et al. Prevalence of tobacco consumption: Iranian health perception survey. Payesh (Health Monitor). 2011; 10(3): 365-372. Available from: http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-514-en.html [In Persian] 26. World Health Organization. (‎2015)‎. WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking 2015. World Health Organization. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/156262 27. Fazelpour, M. Consumption and lifestyle, 2004, Tehran, Sobh Sadegh. [In Persian] 28. Emamian M, Alami A, Fateh M. Socioeconomic Inequality in Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors in Shahroud, Iran. irje. 2011; 7 (3) :44-51. Available from: http://irje.tums.ac.ir/article-1-41-en.html [In Persian] 29. Rodigues P R M, Padez C M P, Ferreira M G, Goncalves-Silva R M V, Pereira R A. Multiple risk behaviors for non-communicable diseases and associated factors in adolescents. Revista de Nutrição [online]. 2016; 29(2): 185-197. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652016000200004 30. National program of physical activity to promote health in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Deputy Minister of Health, Management of Non-Communicable Diseases. 2016. 31. Moradi G, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh R, Ardakani HM, Naieni KH. Socioeconomic Inequality of Non-Communicable Risk Factors among People Living in Kurdistan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran. International journal of preventive medicine, 2013; 4(6): 671-683. PMID: 23930185; PMCID: PMC3733035. 32. Yaya S, Uthman OA, Ekholuenetale M, Bishwajit G. Socioeconomic inequalities in the risk factors of noncommunicable diseases among women of reproductive age in sub-saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of survey data. Frontiers in public health. 2018; 6: 307. Doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00307 33. Allen LN, Fox N, Ambrose A. Quantifying research output on poverty and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors in low-income and lower middle-income countries: a bibliometric analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e014715. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014715
Journal of Military Medicine
Volume 24, Issue 9 - Serial Number 118
January and February 2023
Pages 1608-1618

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics