Investigating and Comparing the Effect of Chlorhexidine and Green Tea Brand Irsha and Colgate Mouthwash on the Factors related to Gingivitis in Patients with Moderate Chronic Periodontitis

1. Fischer RG, Lira Junior R, Retamal-Valdes B, Figueiredo LC de, Malheiros Z, Stewart B, et al. Periodontal disease and its impact on general health in Latin America. Section V: Treatment of periodontitis. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34. 2. Do T, Marsh P, Boehm T, Najmanova L, Lenartova M, Tesinska B, et al. The Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health. Appl Gener Seq NGS Technol Decipher Oral Microbiome Syst Health Dis. 2022; 3. Gürsoy UK, Gürsoy M, Könönen E. Biomarkers and periodontal regenerative approaches. Dent Clin. 2022;66(1):157–167. 4. Donos N. The periodontal pocket. Periodontol 2000. 2018;76(1):7–15. 5. Abou El Fadl RK, Abdel Fattah MA, Helmi MA, Wassel MO, Badran AS, Elgendi HAA, et al. Periodontal diseases and potential risk factors in Egyptian adult population—Results from a national cross-sectional study. Plos One. 2021;16(11):e0258958. 6. Newman MG, Carranza FA, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR. Carranza’s clinical periodontology. Elsevier Brasil; 2006. 7. Supranoto SC, Slot DE, Addy M, Van der Weijden GA. The effect of chlorhexidine dentifrice or gel versus chlorhexidine mouthwash on plaque, gingivitis, bleeding and tooth discoloration: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2015;13(2):83–92. 8. Haffajee AD, Yaskell T, Socransky SS. Antimicrobial effectiveness of an herbal mouthrinse compared with an essential oil and a chlorhexidine mouthrinse. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139(5):606–611. 9. Wahlin YB. Effects of chlorhexidine mouthrinse on oral health in patients with acute leukemia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1989;68(3):279–287. 10. Nayak SU, Kumari A, Rajendran V, Singh VP, Hegde A, Pai KK. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of chlorhexidine and herbal mouthwash as a preprocedural rinse in reducing dental aerosols: a microbiological study. Int J Dent. 2020;2020. 11. Bapat S, Nagarajappa R, Ramesh G, Bapat K. Effect of propolis mouth rinse on oral microorganisms—A randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(11):6139–6146. 12. Ramamurthy J, Mg V. Comparison of effect of hiora mouthwash versus chlorhexidine mouthwash in gingivitis patients: A clinical trial. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2018;11(7):84–8. 13. Vinod KS, Sunil KS, Sethi P, Bandla RC, Singh S, Patel D. A novel herbal formulation versus chlorhexidine mouthwash in efficacy against oral microflora. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2018;8(2):184. 14. Kalyani P, Leelavathi L. Comparison between the effect of plain water, herbal mouthwash, and chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary pH. Drug Invent Today. 2019;11(5). 15. Cabrera C, Artacho R, Giménez R. Beneficial effects of green tea—a review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2006;25(2):79–99. 16. Moein N, Alavi FN, Salari A, Mojtahedi A, Tajer A. Effect of listerine mouthwash with green tea on the inhibition of streptococcus mutans: a microbiologic study. Pesqui Bras Em Odontopediatria E Clínica Integrada. 2020;20. 17. Mathur A, Gopalakrishnan D, Mehta V, Rizwan SA, Shetiya SH, Bagwe S. Efficacy of green tea-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Dent Res. 2018;29(2):225. 18. Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21(6):533–551. 19. Muhlemann HR. Gingival sulcus bleeding-a leading symptom in initial gingivitis. Helv Odontol Acta. 1971;15:107–113. 20. Axelsson P, Nyström B, Lindhe J. The long-term effect of a plaque control program on tooth mortality, caries and periodontal disease in adults: results after 30 years of maintenance. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31(9):749–757. 21. Jongsma MA, van de Lagemaat M, Busscher HJ, Geertsema-Doornbusch GI, Atema-Smit J, van der Mei HC, et al. Synergy of brushing mode and antibacterial use on in vivo biofilm formation. J Dent. 2015;43(12):1580–1586. 22. Prasad M, Patthi B, Singla A, Gupta R, Jankiram C, Kumar JK, et al. The clinical effectiveness of post-brushing rinsing in reducing plaque and gingivitis: a systematic review. J Clin Diagn Res JCDR. 2016;10(5):ZE01. 23. Serrano J, Escribano M, Roldan S, Martin C, Herrera D. Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents in managing gingivitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:S106–S138. 24. Venkateswara B, Sirisha K, Chava VK. Green tea extract for periodontal health. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011;15(1):18. 25. Gunsolley JC. Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial mouthrinses. J Dent. 2010;38:S6–S10. 26. Gartenmann SJ, Steppacher SL, von Weydlich Y, Heumann C, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. The effect of green tea on plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review. J Herb Med. 2020;21:100337. 27. Mazur M, Ndokaj A, Jedlinski M, Ardan R, Bietolini S, Ottolenghi L. Impact of Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) on periodontitis and caries. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2021;57:1–11. 28. Priya BM, Anitha V, Shanmugam M, Ashwath B, Sylva SD, Vigneshwari SK. Efficacy of chlorhexidine and green tea mouthwashes in the management of dental plaque-induced gingivitis: A comparative clinical study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015;6(4):505. 29. Golmohammadi A, Kazemi Yazdi H, Nasoohi N. The study on antimicrobial effect of three ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of green tea in comparison to chlorhexidine mouthwash on Iranian strain of bacteria Streptococcus mutans PTCC 1683. Res Dent Sci. 2020;17(1):17–24. 30. Saber K, Majdaeen M, Rahbar S, Elmtalab S, Zamani H, Abedi-Firouzjah R. Radiation protective effect of green tea extract in mice irradiated with gamma rays. Koomesh. 2021;23(6):785–793. 31. Ansari L, Banaei A, Dastranj L, Majdaeen M, Vafapour H, Zamani H, et al. Evaluating the radioprotective effect of single dose and daily oral consumption of green tea, grape seed, and coffee bean extracts against gamma irradiation. Appl Radiat Isot. 2021;174:109781. 32. Sun Y, Zhou J, Guo J. Advances in the knowledge of adaptive mechanisms mediating abiotic stress responses in Camellia sinensis. Front Biosci-Landmark. 2021;26(12):1714–1722. 33. Jiang CK, Ma JQ, Apostolides Z, Chen L. Metabolomics for a millenniums-old crop: Tea plant (Camellia sinensis). J Agric Food Chem. 2019;67(23):6445–6457. 34. Raju R, Divya A, Rajendran G, John JR, John JR. Analogous assay between green tea mouthwash, listerine mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash in plaque reduction, on orthodontic patients: a randomized cross-over study. Inter J Community Med Public Health. 2017;4(5):1429–35. 35. Rabienejad N, Karami V, Torkzaban P, Dastan D. Effect of Green Tea Mouthwash on Gingival Indices in Gingivitis Patients. Avicenna J Clin Med. 2018;24(4):285–290. 36. Radafshar G, Ghotbizadeh M, Saadat F, Mirfarhadi N. Effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) mouthwash containing 1% tannin on dental plaque and chronic gingivitis: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. J Investig Clin Dent. 2017;8(1):e12184.