Comparison of Sleep Quality and Its Related Factors in Nurses before and at the Same Time with the COVID-19 Epidemic

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aim: Nurses are exposed to high physical and psychological problems due to high workload. The COVID-19 epidemic has negatively affected their health and especially their sleep quality. This study aimed to compare the quality of sleep and the factors affecting it among Iranian nurses before and at the same time with the COVID-19 epidemic.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 175 frontline nurses in the fight against COVID-19 in 2020. Samples were collected using convenience sampling from two selected military and referral hospitals of COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic information form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and one-sample t-test, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance.
Results: The majority of the samples were male (64%), under 30 years old (41.4%), and with less than 10 years of clinical experience (58.9%). 96% of nurses had poor sleep quality. Comparison of the results of nurses' sleep quality with the same population before the time of the Covid-19 epidemic showed a statistically significant difference (P < /em> <0.05). There was a significant difference between gender, marriage, and interest in the organization with poor sleep status (P < /em> <0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, nurses did not have good sleep quality. Paying attention to the mental health of staff, especially female nurses, reducing job stress through emotional, psychological, and organizational support to improve the quality of nurses' sleep is recommended.

Keywords


1. Surveillances V. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19)—China, 2020. China CDC Weekly. 2020;2(8):113-22. 2. Situation WCdC-. WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-98. https:// www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200427- sitrep-98-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn¼90323472_4. [Accessed 28 April 2020]. Accessed; 2020. 3. Phelan AL, Katz R, Gostin LO. The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance. Jama. 2020;323(8):709-10. 4. Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Lang Q, Liao C, Wang N, et al. Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic. Journal of nursing management. 2020. 5. Altena E, Baglioni C, Espie CA, Ellis J, Gavriloff D, Holzinger B, et al. Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy. Journal of Sleep Research. 2020:e13052. 6. Khamisa N, Oldenburg B, Peltzer K, Ilic D. Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2015;12(1):652-66. 7. Dong Z-Q, Ma J, Hao Y-N, Shen X-L, Liu F, Gao Y, et al. The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: A cross-sectional study. European Psychiatry. 2020;63(1). 8. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11:306. 9. Wu KK, Chan SK, Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. 2005;18(1):39-42. 10. Qiu D, Yu Y, Li R-Q, Li Y-L, Xiao S-Y. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in Chinese healthcare professionals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep medicine. 2020;67:258-66. 11. Huang L, Lei W, Liu H, Hang R, Tao X, Zhan Y. Nurses’ Sleep Quality of “Fangcang” Hospital in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020:1-11. 12. Hoseinabadi TS, Kakhki S, Teimori G, Nayyeri S. Burnout and its influencing factors between frontline nurses and nurses from other wards during the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease-COVID-19-in Iran. Investigación y Educación en Enfermería. 2020;38(2). 13. Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):e14. 14. Khajeh Hosseini S, Sayadi A, Mobini Lotfabad M, Heidari S. Sleep Quality among Shift-working Nurses in the Hospitals of Rafsanjan City, Iran, in 2018. Health and Development Journal. 2019;8(2):141-51. 15. Janatmakan Amiri A, Morovatdar N, Soltanifar A, Rezaee R. Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance and Potential Associated Factors among Medical Students from Mashhad, Iran. Sleep Disorders. 2020;2020. 16. Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry research. 1989;28(2):193-213. 17. Moghaddam JF, Nakhaee N, Sheibani V, Garrusi B, Amirkafi A. Reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-P). Sleep and Breathing. 2012;16(1):79-82. 18. Jahrami H, BaHammam AS, AlGahtani H, Ebrahim A, Faris M, AlEid K, et al. The examination of sleep quality for frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak of COVID-19. Sleep and Breathing. 2020:1-9. 19. Tu Z-h, He J-w, Zhou N. Sleep quality and mood symptoms in conscripted frontline nurse in Wuhan, China during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Medicine. 2020;99(26). 20. Badahdah AM, Khamis F, Al Mahyijari N. Sleep quality among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2020;16(9):1635-. 21. Abdulah DM, Musa DH. Insomnia and Stress of Physicians during COVID-19 Outbreak. Sleep Medicine: X. 2020:100017. 22. Li J, Kong X, Li F, Wu B, Xu H, Wu T, et al. Sleep quality and health in healthcare professionals fighting against COVID-19: a comparative study between high risk area (Hubei Province) and low risk area (Jiangsu Province) in China. 2020. 23. Wang S, Xie L, Xu Y, Yu S, Yao B, Xiang D. Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019. Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England). 2020. 24. Tercan M, Bozkurt FT, Patmano G, Saraçoğlu G, Gür SC. Anxiety and depression differences between the nurses working at a COVID-19 pandemic hospital. Medical Science and Discovery. 2020;7(6):526-31. 25. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2020;26:e923549-1. 26. Zhuo K, Gao C, Wang X, Zhang C, Wang Z. Stress and sleep: a survey based on wearable sleep trackers among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the COVID-19 pandemic. General Psychiatry. 2020;33(3). 27. Giorgi F, Mattei A, Notarnicola I, Petrucci C, Lancia L. Can sleep quality and burnout affect the job performance of shift‐work nurses? A hospital cross‐sectional study. Journal of advanced nursing. 2018;74(3):698-708. 28. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2020. 29. Chang W-P, Chang Y-P. Relationship between job satisfaction and sleep quality of female shift-working nurses: using shift type as moderator variable. Industrial health. 2019;57(6):732-40. 30. Banakhar M. The impact of 12-hour shifts on nurses’ health, wellbeing, and job satisfaction: A systematic review. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2017;7(11):69-83.