Comparison of Mental Health and Sleep Quality of Military and Nonmilitary People during Covid-19 Lockdown in Abdanan City

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Behavioral Science Research Center, Lifestyle Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aim: Military personnel is one of the levels of society whose psychological assessment is important in the current situation. During the prevalence of COVID-19, the military is also alongside health defenders has fought the virus, therefore, awareness of the mental state of the military forces has led to the recognition of their real needs, and helps planners to increase the optimal performance of military personnel. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the state of mental health and sleep quality between military and civilian personnel during the outbreak of COVID-19.
Methods: The research is descriptive-correlational. The researcher-made demographic information questionnaire, the Pittsburgh sleep questionnaire (PSQI) and Mental Health Questionnaire (DASS-21) were administered for 210 people (105 militaries, 105 civilians) coinciding with the holidays due to the spread of COVID-19 from March 5 to 20, 2020. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, the available sampling method and online implementation were used. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test and chi-square and SPSS-24 software.
Results: The results showed that military personnel had more contact with people with COVID-19 than civilians and there was a significant and strong relationship between the type of job and overall sleep quality during the prevalence of COVID-19 (P < /em> <0.05).and also, the military was in a more unfavorable situation than the civilians in the overall score of sleep quality and in all dimensions of sleep quality. There was a significant and weak relationship between job type with depression, anxiety and stress during the outbreak of COVID-19 (P < /em> <0.05) and the military was in a better position in terms of stress, anxiety and depression. It should be noted that in the total study population, the rate of severe anxiety was 67.1% and severe depression was 46.7%.
Conclusion: Since sleep quality is directly related to physical, mental health and optimal functioning of individuals, it is necessary to find a solution to the problems related to military sleep and due to the high percentage of depression and severe anxiety in the study population, the influential factors should be investigated and the necessary solution applied.

Keywords

References

1. Mohammadi MT, SHahyad S. Health Anxiety during Viral Contagious Diseases and COVID-19 Outbreak: Narrative Review. Journal Mil Med. 2020;22(6):623-31.DOI: 10.30491/JMM.22.6.623 2. Farnoosh G, Alishiri G, Hosseini Zijoud SR, Dorostkar R, Jalali Farahani A. Understanding the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Based on Available Evidence-A Narrative Review. J Mil Med. 2020;22(1):1-11.DOI: 10.30491/JMM.22.1.1 3. ALIZADEH FS, SAFFARINIA M. The prediction of mental health based on the anxiety and the social cohesion that caused by Coronavirus. 2020. DOI:10.29252/ajcm.27.2.124 4. Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry. 2020;33(2). doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213. 5. Garcia-Priego BA, Triana-Romero A, Pinto-Galvez SM, Duran-Ramos C, Salas-Nolasco O, Reyes MM, et al. Anxiety, depression, attitudes, and internet addiction during the initial phase of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic: A cross-sectional study in Mexico. medRxiv. 2020. DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.10.20095844 6. Pieh C, Budimir S, Probst T. Mental health during COVID-19 lockdown: A comparison of Austria and the UK. Available at SSRN 3592372. 2020 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.625973. 7. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self-isolated for 14 days during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in January 2020 in China. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2020;26:e923921-1. doi: 10.12659/MSM.923921 8. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(5):1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729 9. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research. 2020:112954. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954. Epub 2020 Apr 12 10. Ying Y, Ruan L, Kong F, Zhu B, Ji Y, Lou Z. Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: a cross-sectional study. BMC psychiatry. 2020;20(1):1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02784-w 11. Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang Y-T, Liu Z, Hu S, et al. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e17-e8. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8. Epub 2020 Feb 19. 12. Khalili R. Prevalence of Various Psychological Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review. Journal Mil Med. 2020;22(6):648-62.DOI: 10.30491/JMM.22.6.648 13. Mohammadi MT. Psychological Impacts of Covid-19 Outbreak on Mental Health Status of Society Individuals: A Narrative Review. Journal Mil Med. 2020;22(2):184-92.DOI: 10.30491/JMM.22.2.184 14. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and depression of Razi Psychiatric Center staff doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.064 15. Soltani Shal R, Azad Marzabadi E, Eskandari M. Psychopathological and psychological consequences of navy military forces’ jobs: A qualitative study. Journal Mil Med. 2017;19(1):72-83. URL: http://militarymedj.ir/article-1-1520-en.html 16. Afkham Ebrahimi A, Bandi G, Salehi M, Tafti K, Vakili Y, Farsi A. Sleep parameters and the factors affecting the quality of sleep in patients attending selected clinics of Rasoul-e-Akram hospital. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008;15:31-8. URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-892-en.html 17. Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar Ö. The validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1996;7(2):107-15. doi: 10.5606/ArchRheumatol.2018.6376 18. Crawford JR, Henry JD. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): Normative data and latent structure in a large non‐clinical sample. British journal of clinical psychology. 2003;42(2):111-31. doi: 10.1348/014466503321903544. 19. Sahebi A, Asghari MJ, Salari RS. Validation of depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) for an Iranian population. Iranian Psychologists. 2005;4(1):299-313.DOI: 10.22075/jcp.2018.11010.1073 20. Habibi R, Burci GL, de Campos TC, Chirwa D, Cinà M, Dagron S, et al. Do not violate the International Health Regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet. 2020;395(10225):664-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30373-1 21. Phelan AL, Katz R, Gostin LO. The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance. Jama. 2020;323(8):709-10. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1097 22. Richards EP. The role of law enforcement in public health emergencies: Special considerations for an all-hazards approach: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice …; 2006. Doi: https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/bja/214333.pdf 23. Roustaei N, Jamali H, Jamali MR, Nourshargh P, Jamali J. The association between quality of sleep and health-related quality of life in military and non-military women in Tehran, Iran. Oman Medical Journal. 2017;32(2):124. http://dx.doi.org:10.5001/omj.2017.22 24. Peterson AL, Goodie JL, Satterfield WA, Brim WL. Sleep disturbance during military deployment. Military medicine. 2008;173(3):230-5. DOI: 10.7205/milmed.173.3.230 25. Troxel WM, Shih RA, Pedersen ER, Geyer L, Fisher MP, Griffin BA, et al. Sleep in the military: Promoting healthy sleep among US servicemembers. Rand health quarterly. 2015;5(2). PMCID: PMC5158299 26. Ashtiani F. Comparison of lifestyle, quality of life and mental health in two military dependent and non-military dependent university personnel. Journal Mil Med. 2011;13(1):17-24. URL: http://militarymedj.ir/article-1-727-fa.html 27. Yan J, Wang L-J, Cheng Q, Miao D-M, Zhang L-Y, Yuan S-P, et al. Estimated mental health and analysis of relative factors for new Chinese recruits. Military medicine. 2008;173(10):1031-4.https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632014000200001 28. Ebrahimi Torkmani B, Siahkouhian M, Azizkhahe Alanag S, Fasihi A. Comparison of the Relationship between Sleep Quality and Pulmonary Function and Biochemical Composition of the Body in Athletic and Non-Athlete Girls. Health Research Journal. 2018;3(3):187-95http://dx.doi.org:10.29252/hrjbaq.3.3.187
Journal of Military Medicine
Volume 23, Issue 3 - Serial Number 100
May and June 2021
Pages 238-245

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics