Social Health in the Spouses of Veterans: The Role of Psychological Hardiness, Spiritual Wellbeing and Perceived Stress

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

Background and Aim: Spouses in the role of caring for veterans are under the influence of stresses and problems which threaten their health and their families' health. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of psychological hardiness, spiritual wellbeing and perceived stress in predicting the social health of spouses of veterans.
Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the study includes all the spouses of veterans supported by Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation of Ardabil in 2019 (N = 3400). Using available sampling, 108 of them were selected as samples. For data collection, psychological hardiness (Ahvaz), spiritual wellbeing (Elison), perceived stress (Cohen), and social health scale (Keyes, Shapiro) were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression using SPSS version 18 software.
Results: According to the results, a significant relationship was observed between psychological hardiness (r = 0.59, P < /em> <0.05), spiritual wellbeing (r = 0.53, P < /em> <0.05) and perceived stress (r = -0.50, P < /em> <0.05) with social health in spouses. Also, the results of multiple regression showed that psychological hardiness, spiritual wellbeing and perceived stress can predict the social health of spouses of veterans by 0.54. (P < /em> <0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the psychological hardiness, spiritual wellbeing and perceived stress are included in the variables relevant to social health and they can predict it. Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists and counselors consider the role of psychological hardiness, spiritual wellbeing and perceived stress to promote the level of spouses’ social health.

Keywords


1-Toomey R, Alpern R, Reda DJ, Baker DG, Vasterling JJ. Mental health in spouses of U.S. Gulf War veterans. Psychiatry Res. 2019; 275: 287-95. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.043. 2-Samadifard H, Narimani M. Life Expectancy in the Spouses of Veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2018; 10 (3):151-56. [Persian]. 3-Moradi A, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Soroush MR. Quality of Life of Caregiver Spouses of Veterans with Bilateral Lower Extremity Amputations. Trauma Mon. 2015; 20(1): e21891. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.21891 4-Zargar F. The Relationship between Veterans’ Psychological Damages and their Spouses’ Mental Aspect of Quality of Life in Isfahan, Iran. Shefaye Khatam. 2015; 3(3): 37-44. [Persian]. 5-Osilla KC, Pedersen ER, Tolpadi A, Howard SS, Phillips JL, Gore KL. The Feasibility of a Web-Intervention for Military and Veteran Spouses Concerned about their Partner’s Alcohol Misuse. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2018;45(1): 57-73. doi: 10.1007/s11414-016-9546-3. 6-Mohammadi M, Alavi M, Bahrami M, Zandieh Z. Assessment of the Relationship between Spiritual and Social Health and the Self-Care Ability of Elderly People Referred to Community Health Centers. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2017; 22(6): 471-75. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_171_16. 7-Javadi-Pashaki N, Darvishpour A. What are the predictor variables of social well-being among the medical science students? J Educ Health Promot. 2018; 7: 20. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_89_17. eCollection 2018. 8-Nyman C, Nilsén A. Perspectives on health and well-being in social sciences. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2016; 11: 10. doi: 10.3402/qhw.v11.31468. 9-Afshani A, Shiri Mohammadabad H. The study of relationship between life satisfaction and social health of Yazd city women. J Toloo-e-behdasht. 2016; 15(2): 34-44. [Persian]. 10-Mahdian Z, Ghaffari M. The mediating role of psychological resilience, and social support on the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and hope in cancer patients. J Fundam Ment Health. 2016; 18(3): 130-8. [Persian]. 11-Shakerinia I. Relationship examination of noise perception, Psychological Hardiness and Mental Health with Psychological Hardiness and Mental Health with the Quality of life in Inhabitants of Rasht bustle Area. J Health Environ. 2011; 3 (4): 475-84. [Persian]. 12-Tadayon M, Dabirizadeh S, Zarea K, Behroozi N, Haghighizadeh MH. Investigating the relationship between psychological hardiness and resilience with depression in women with breast cancer. Gulf J Oncolog. 2018;1(28): 23-30. PMID: 30344130 13-Aghajani MJ, Rahbar T, Moghtader L. The Relationship of Hopefulness and Hardiness with General Health in Women with Breast Cancer. J Guilan Uni Med Sci. 2018; 26(104): 41-9. [Persian]. 14-Jalali M, Rahimi M. The Relationship Between Psychological Hardiness and Social Support in Women with Breast Cancer. Avicenna J Neuro Psycho Physiol. 2019; 6 (4) :159-64. [Persian]. http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-159-en.html 15-Sajadi M, Niazi N, Khosravi S, Yaghobi A, Rezaei M, Koenig HG. Effect of spiritual counseling on spiritual well-being in Iranian women with cancer: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018; 30: 79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 13. 16-Biglari Abhari M, Fisher JW, Kheiltash A, Nojomi M. Validation of the Persian Version of Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaires. Iran J Med Sci. 2018; 43(3): 276-85. PMID: 29892145 17-Counted V, Possamai A, Meade T. Relational spirituality and quality of life 2007 to 2017: an integrative research review. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018; 16: 75. doi: 10.1186/s12955-018-0895-x. Review. 18-Beygi A, Mohammadifar M, Najafi M, Rezayi A. Relationship of Spirituality and Forgiveness with Family Cohesion and Adaptability in Veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2016; 8(1): 33-39. [Persian]. 19-Moghtader L. Relationship between Religious Beliefs and Stress Coping Strategies in Psychological Resilience and Marital Satisfaction of Veterans Wives. J of Guilan Univ of Med Sci. 2017; 26(103): 37- 45. [Persian]. 20-Beam CR, Dinescu D, Emery R, Turkheimer E. A Twin Study on Perceived Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Marriage. J Health Soc Behav. 2017; 58(1): 37-53. doi: 10.1177/0022146516688242. Epub 2017 Jan 31. 21-Maroufizadeh S, Hosseini M, Rahimi Foroushani A, Omani-Samani R, Amini P. The Relationship between Perceived Stress and Marital Satisfaction in Couples with Infertility: Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Int J Fertil Steril. 2019; 13(1): 66-71. doi: 10.22074/ijfs.2019.5437 22-Häusler A, Sánchez A, Gellert P, Deeken F, Rapp MA, Nordheim J. Perceived stress and quality of life in dementia patients and their caregiving spouses: does dyadic coping matter? Int Psychogeriatr. 2016; 28(11): 1857-66. PMID: 27439563. 23-Sarbanan A , Alimohammadzadeh Kh, Hojjati H. Relationship between Self-efficacy and Perceived Stress in Spouses of Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Mil Caring Sci J. 2017; 4(2): 102-10. [Persian]. 24-Lee J, Kim E, Wachholtz A. The effect of perceived stress on life satisfaction: The mediating effect of self-efficacy. Chongsonyonhak Yongu. 2016; 23(10): 29-47. PMID: 27996059 25-Kiamarsi A, Najjarian B, Mehrabizade Honarmand M. The build and validation of an scale for assessing psychological hardiness. J Psychol. 1996; (2): 271-84. [Persian]. 26-Paloutzian RF, Ellison CW. Loneliness, spiritual health and the quality of life. In: Peplau LA, Perlman D, editors. Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy. New York: Wiley-Interscience Pub; 1982. 27-Alahbakhshian M, Jafarpour-alavir M, Parvizi S, Haghani H. A survey on relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Zahedan J Res Med Sci 2010; 12(3): 29-33. [Persian]. 28-Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385-96. PMID: 6668417 29-Sotoudeh Navroi SO, Zeinali SH, Khasteganan N. Relationship between spouse abuse, social support and perceived stress in women with addicted and non-addicted husbands in Rasht city. Holist Nurs Midwifery. 2012; 22(2): 25-32. [Persian]. 30-Keyes CLM, Shapiro A. Social well-being in the United States: a descriptive epidemiology. How healthy are we? A national study of well-being a midlife. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.2004. 31-Narimani M, Samadifard H. The Relationship between Irrational Beliefs, Mindfulness and Cognitive Fusion with Social Health among Elderly in Ardabil, 2016. J Gerontol. 2017; 1(4): 20-8. [Persian].