Introduction. Damage to the upper and lower respiratory tracts, alveolar cells, aggregation of fluids, enhancement of PMNs and lymphocytes and reversible damage to lung, bronchia and finally interstitial lung disease are the most important effects of sulfur mustard (S.M). Previous studies have shown many chemical warfare victims suffering from severe lung complications. On the other hand, after one decay exposure to S.M., they have gone under different treatment. So that, some researchers believe that all respiratory tract symptoms may not be directly dependent on S.M effect. The aim of this project was the study of S.M. induced lung damage. So that, without involvement of any treatment, the effect of S.M could be studied directly and independently. Material and Method. Twenty four rats aged 8-10 weeks, 150 gr, were divided in two group as test and control. Test group were exposed to 1 ml S.M in acetone for 30 minutes (1270 mg/ml). Control group were exposed to acetone only. The rats were killed at 2, 4 and six months. The lungs were removed for pathology study. Results. The results after 2 months showed no visible damage to lung tissue. After 4 months, hyperplasia of pneumocytes type 1, 2 was seen with no sign of serious damage but some inflammation. After 6 months, in addition to acute and chronic lung inflammation, alveolar wall thickening was seen.Discussion. It seems that SM induces lung damage, inflammation and alveolar wall thickening in long time.
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