دفاع دارویی در برابر تهدیدات CBRN: مروری از مکانیسم‌ها تا مهم‌ترین اقدامات متقابل پزشکی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

گروه فارماسیوتیکس، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)، تهران، ایران

10.30491/jmm.2026.1007055.1475

چکیده

عوامل شیمیایی، بیولوژیکی، رادیولوژیک و هسته‌ای (CBRN) نشان‌دهنده‌ دسته‌ متمایزی از تهدیدها هستند که پتانسیل ایجاد تلفات جمعی، اختلال اجتماعی و بحران‌های عمیق سلامت عمومی را دارند. ماهیت منحصر به فرد و متنوع این عوامل نیازمند رویکردی تخصصی و چندرشته‌ای به دفاع پزشکی است. در این چارچوب، علوم دارویی نقشی محوری ایفا می‌کنند و فراتر از درمان صرف، در کل چرخه مقابله با تهدیدات CBRN به ایفای نقش می‌پردازد. این شامل طراحی منطقی اقدامات مقابله‌ای پزشکی، درک مکانیسم‌های موثر در پاتوفیزیولوژی آسیب یا عفونت و تدوین رویکردهای موثر برای رفع آلودگی، پیشگیری و درمان پس از مواجهه است. این مقاله، تجزیه و تحلیل جامعی از عوامل CBRN را از دیدگاه علوم دارویی ارائه می‌دهد. ابتدا هرکدام از این تهدیدها به تفکیک معرفی شده و عوامل نمونه مهم در هر دسته بیان خواهند شد. بدنه اصلی این مقاله مروری به رویکردهای دارویی مورد استفاده برای مقابله با این تهدیدها اختصاص دارد که شامل بررسی دقیق اقدامات مقابله‌ای پزشکی رایج مانند پادزهرها و عوامل شلات‌کننده، و همچنین بررسی ابزارهای پیشرفته‌تر مانند آنتی‌بادی‌های مونوکلونال است. علاوه بر این، به چالش‌های مهمی که می‌توانند در مسیر رویکرد‌های دارویی ایجاد چالش کنند نیز پرداخته خواهد شد.

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