مروری بر مواد پیشرفته جهت رهایش تدریجی و آهسته دارو در بدن

نوع مقاله : مروری کوتاه

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات سم شناسی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی آجا، تهران، ایران

2 دانشگاه شهید باهنر،‌ کرمان،‌ ایران

3 گروه فیزیولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی آجا، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سامانه‌های کلاسیک رهایش دارو، نظیر قرص‌های سریع‌الاثر و تزریقات متداول، همواره با محدودیت‌هایی چون حلالیت ضعیف دارو، زیست سازگاری پایین، حذف سریع از بدن و ناتوانی در کنترل زمان و مکان رهایش مواجه بوده‌اند. این چالش‌ها موجب کاهش اثربخشی درمان و افزایش نوسانات غلظت دارو در بدن می­شود. اخیرا، پیشرفت در فناوری مواد، نانوفناوری، مهندسی زیستی و مدل‌سازی رایانه‌ای مسیر جدیدی در طراحی سامانه‌های دارورسانی گشوده است. در این مطالعه انواع مختلف سامانه‌های دارورسانی شامل نانوذرات پلیمری، میسل‌ها، لیپوزوم‌ها، هیدروژل‌های تزریقی، ایمپلنت‌های آهسته رهش، سامانه‌های اسمزی، نانوژل­ ها و درخت­سان ­ها مورد بررسی و مقایسه قرار گرفتند. روش کار بر پایه مرور روایی منابع علمی معتبر، مقالات پژوهشی، یافته‌های بالینی و آزمایشگاهی، و پتنت ­ها از سال ۲۰۰۰ تا ۲۰۲۵ با جستجو در پایگاه‌های چندرشته‌ای PubMed ،Scopus و Web of Science طراحی شد. بر اساس منابع بررسی‌شده، ترکیب مواد هوشمند با پلتفرم‌های قابل برنامه‌ریزی مانند ایمپلنت ­ها و سامانه‌های پاسخ دهنده به محرک (مانند pH، دما، آنزیم، redox، میدان مغناطیسی و ...) می‌تواند رهایش هدفمند و زمان‌مند دارو را به‌شکل چشم‌گیری بهبود بخشد. همچنین، سامانه‌هایی نظیر داربست­ های عروقی پوشش­دار دارویی، پمپ‌های ایمپلنتی، و ریزتراشه‌های تنظیم‌شونده رهایش پایدار را در کاربردهای مزمن مانند دیابت، سرطان، و دردهای نوروپاتیک ممکن می‌سازند. بطور خلاصه، با گردآوری دستاوردهای پژوهشی موجود و تحلیل مروری فناوری‌های نوظهور، چارچوبی راهبردی برای طراحی سامانه‌های دارورسانی نسل آینده ارائه شده و نتایج این مطالعه، زمینه‌ساز توسعه درمان‌های دقیق، شخصی‌سازی‌شده، و دارای اثربخشی بلندمدت در حوزه‌های گوناگون پزشکی خواهد بود.

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