Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 27 2 2025 07 21 Plyometric Exercise Training as a Therapeutic Strategy to Optimize Bone Health: A Narrative Review Plyometric Exercise Training as a Therapeutic Strategy to Optimize Bone Health: A Narrative Review 2696 2708 1001302 10.30491/jmm.2025.1006841.1312 FA Saeid Shamlou Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Arabzadeh Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2907-9798 Majid Ramezani Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2316-5583 Yaser Janbaz Amirani Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behzad Bazgir Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 03 10 Background and Aim: The skeletal system's integrity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, including nutrition, sleep, and physical activity. Physical activity plays a key role in bone mass accrual, with peak bone mineral density (BMD) typically attained during adolescence. Maximizing BMD early in life may be critical for preventing osteoporosis in later years. This narrative review aims to evaluate the effects of plyometric exercise training on bone health. Methods: This study is a narrative review. Relevant literature was identified through searches in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Magiran databases (2000–2024). Keywords such as "bone mineral density," "plyometric training," and "bone health" (along with their Persian equivalents) were selected based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). A total of 35 articles directly addressing the topic were included in the final analysis. Results: Analysis of bone function following plyometric exercise interventions across studies reveals diverse mechanisms underlying bone strengthening. Plyometric training appears to be a safe and effective approach for enhancing BMD across various age groups. Findings indicate that these exercises significantly improve bone mineral content and density. Exercise intensity and modality seem to exert the most pronounced effects on the skeletal system, with benefits persisting months post-intervention. Conclusion: Plyometric exercises can be used as an effective training strategy for the health of the skeletal system in healthy individuals. Background and Aim: The skeletal system's integrity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, including nutrition, sleep, and physical activity. Physical activity plays a key role in bone mass accrual, with peak bone mineral density (BMD) typically attained during adolescence. Maximizing BMD early in life may be critical for preventing osteoporosis in later years. This narrative review aims to evaluate the effects of plyometric exercise training on bone health. Methods: This study is a narrative review. Relevant literature was identified through searches in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Magiran databases (2000–2024). Keywords such as "bone mineral density," "plyometric training," and "bone health" (along with their Persian equivalents) were selected based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). A total of 35 articles directly addressing the topic were included in the final analysis. Results: Analysis of bone function following plyometric exercise interventions across studies reveals diverse mechanisms underlying bone strengthening. Plyometric training appears to be a safe and effective approach for enhancing BMD across various age groups. Findings indicate that these exercises significantly improve bone mineral content and density. Exercise intensity and modality seem to exert the most pronounced effects on the skeletal system, with benefits persisting months post-intervention. Conclusion: Plyometric exercises can be used as an effective training strategy for the health of the skeletal system in healthy individuals.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001302_c571c62ef63453cc1cd1c52e000236e6.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 27 2 2025 07 21 Challenges and Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence and the Quran in Medical Sciences: A Narrative Review Challenges and Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence and the Quran in Medical Sciences: A Narrative Review 2709 2719 1001303 10.30491/jmm.2025.1006854.1320 FA Sajjad Bahariniya Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Vahedian-azimi Nursing Care Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Akbariqomi Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan َAghapour Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Sotoudeh Interdisciplinary Research Center for Islamic Education and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Abdi Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 05 02 Background and Aim: The Quran has been a source and reference for many discussions on technology among religious thinkers and scholars. According to the Quran, research in the field of technology is an obligation that God has commanded. To comply with the divine command to develop the earth, mankind is obliged to use its power to fulfill the divine command. The purpose of this study is to examine the challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence and the Quran in medical sciences. Methods: In this narrative review, related articles were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SID, Magiran databases, and the Google Scholar search engine in both Persian and English up to 2025. The keywords "artificial intelligence", "Quran", and "medical sciences" were used to search for articles in these sources. Results: The results indicated opportunities for synergy between the Quran and artificial intelligence in medical sciences, including translation, analysis, and interpretation of Quranic verses, natural language processing, identification of Quranic verse patterns, medical data analysis, modeling, and prediction of cooperation between religious scholars and medical researchers, Quranic chatbots, and voice assistants, answering Quranic questions, and Quranic education based on artificial intelligence. Incorrect interpretation, lack of deep understanding of Quranic texts, and changes in religious beliefs, and criticisms were also considered challenges for synergy between the Quran and artificial intelligence. Conclusion: The Quran, as a spiritual source, can provide strategic principles and ethical frameworks necessary for the development and use of artificial intelligence in medicine. Artificial intelligence can also play an instrumental and auxiliary role in the stage of collecting Quranic evidence alongside scientists, but giving it an independent role, especially in the field of Quranic studies, is accompanied by some limitations. Background and Aim: The Quran has been a source and reference for many discussions on technology among religious thinkers and scholars. According to the Quran, research in the field of technology is an obligation that God has commanded. To comply with the divine command to develop the earth, mankind is obliged to use its power to fulfill the divine command. The purpose of this study is to examine the challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence and the Quran in medical sciences. Methods: In this narrative review, related articles were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SID, Magiran databases, and the Google Scholar search engine in both Persian and English up to 2025. The keywords "artificial intelligence", "Quran", and "medical sciences" were used to search for articles in these sources. Results: The results indicated opportunities for synergy between the Quran and artificial intelligence in medical sciences, including translation, analysis, and interpretation of Quranic verses, natural language processing, identification of Quranic verse patterns, medical data analysis, modeling, and prediction of cooperation between religious scholars and medical researchers, Quranic chatbots, and voice assistants, answering Quranic questions, and Quranic education based on artificial intelligence. Incorrect interpretation, lack of deep understanding of Quranic texts, and changes in religious beliefs, and criticisms were also considered challenges for synergy between the Quran and artificial intelligence. Conclusion: The Quran, as a spiritual source, can provide strategic principles and ethical frameworks necessary for the development and use of artificial intelligence in medicine. Artificial intelligence can also play an instrumental and auxiliary role in the stage of collecting Quranic evidence alongside scientists, but giving it an independent role, especially in the field of Quranic studies, is accompanied by some limitations.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001303_d8bad07cb3ffabce44c8301266eee7eb.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 27 2 2025 07 21 Designing and Making a Tool for Measuring the Mental Health of Soldiers Designing and Making a Tool for Measuring the Mental Health of Soldiers 2720 2733 1001304 10.30491/jmm.2025.1006729.1221 FA Khosro Mohamadi Nezsa Studies Center, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Entezari Nezsa Studies Center, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 10 29 Background and Aim: Staff's mental health is considered one of the main elements of success in military organizations. Special tools are needed to assess the mental health of military forces. The psychometric properties of the tools are often not identical when used in other populations. The present study was conducted to design and develop a standardized mental health assessment tool for Army soldiers in 2020. Methods: The statistical population in this study was composed of all the employees in one of the organizations of the Islamic Republic of Iran's armed forces. To determine the mental health assessment indicators, validity, reliability, and standardization of this tool, in the first stage of the qualitative study, 45 specialists, managers, and administrators related to the subject of this study were selected purposefully. In the second stage, 256 individuals were studied to determine test-retest reliability and content validity. The instruments used in the study were a mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and a clinical interview. After entering data into the software SPSS 20, the information obtained was analyzed according to psychometric standards (validation, reliability). Results: According to content validity, phrases with coefficients less than 0.63 were excluded, resulting in 99 out of 356 phrases remaining. The retest reliability between the main factors of the mental health questionnaire, with a one-month interval, ranged from 0.57 to 0.74, indicating a significant positive correlation in the questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.76, and the Split-half coefficient of the entire test was 0.84 using the Guttman test and 0.87 using the Spearman-Brown test. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Bartlett’s test were used to assess the construct validity and factor structure of the questionnaire. The KMO value obtained was 0.762, indicating an adequate sample size for factor analysis. After conducting factor analysis and eliminating 18 items with factor loadings below 0.4, 81 items were approved. Finally, the researcher-made mental health questionnaire was created with six main factors and 12 subscales. The sensitivity of the entire questionnaire was 5.74%, and its specificity was 43.8%, demonstrating good discriminant validity. Conclusion: The results of validity and reliability of the mental health questionnaire for soldiers were satisfactory and can be considered a proper tool for the rapid assessment and selection of individuals with mental disorders and suicidal tendencies. It is used by psychologists, psychiatrists, researchers in training and recruitment centers, as well as clinical and counseling centers. Background and Aim: Staff's mental health is considered one of the main elements of success in military organizations. Special tools are needed to assess the mental health of military forces. The psychometric properties of the tools are often not identical when used in other populations. The present study was conducted to design and develop a standardized mental health assessment tool for Army soldiers in 2020. Methods: The statistical population in this study was composed of all the employees in one of the organizations of the Islamic Republic of Iran's armed forces. To determine the mental health assessment indicators, validity, reliability, and standardization of this tool, in the first stage of the qualitative study, 45 specialists, managers, and administrators related to the subject of this study were selected purposefully. In the second stage, 256 individuals were studied to determine test-retest reliability and content validity. The instruments used in the study were a mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and a clinical interview. After entering data into the software SPSS 20, the information obtained was analyzed according to psychometric standards (validation, reliability). Results: According to content validity, phrases with coefficients less than 0.63 were excluded, resulting in 99 out of 356 phrases remaining. The retest reliability between the main factors of the mental health questionnaire, with a one-month interval, ranged from 0.57 to 0.74, indicating a significant positive correlation in the questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.76, and the Split-half coefficient of the entire test was 0.84 using the Guttman test and 0.87 using the Spearman-Brown test. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Bartlett’s test were used to assess the construct validity and factor structure of the questionnaire. The KMO value obtained was 0.762, indicating an adequate sample size for factor analysis. After conducting factor analysis and eliminating 18 items with factor loadings below 0.4, 81 items were approved. Finally, the researcher-made mental health questionnaire was created with six main factors and 12 subscales. The sensitivity of the entire questionnaire was 5.74%, and its specificity was 43.8%, demonstrating good discriminant validity. Conclusion: The results of validity and reliability of the mental health questionnaire for soldiers were satisfactory and can be considered a proper tool for the rapid assessment and selection of individuals with mental disorders and suicidal tendencies. It is used by psychologists, psychiatrists, researchers in training and recruitment centers, as well as clinical and counseling centers.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001304_114d63a560d80d02471022b6bf3a223d.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 27 2 2025 07 21 Internationalization of a University of Military Medical Sciences: Identifying Opportunities, Threats, Strengths, and Weaknesses Internationalization of a University of Military Medical Sciences: Identifying Opportunities, Threats, Strengths, and Weaknesses 2734 2745 1001305 10.30491/jmm.2025.1006760.1250 FA Yaser Manesh Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1774-6832 Ehsan Teymourzadeh Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadkarim Bahadori Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 11 07 Background and Aim: As a key strategy, the internationalization of universities not only enhances the quality of education and research but also provides numerous opportunities for cultural, economic, political, and scientific development that need to be identified. At the same time, this process is accompanied by multiple threats and challenges that require thorough examination and analysis. In this context, this study aims to thoroughly identify the opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses of a military medical sciences university to propose strategies for enhancing its international standing and transforming it into a scientific hub. Methods: The study was a descriptive, qualitative study conducted using a cross-sectional method at the University of Military Medical Sciences in 2024. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews using snowball sampling with ten participants, including managers, vice-chancellors, department heads, and staff. Each interview lasted between 15 to 40 minutes. The data were then organized and recorded using MAXQDA software, and thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step approach was employed to identify and categorize main and sub-themes. Results: In data analysis, 69 primary codes were identified across four dimensions: opportunities (scientific and academic; cultural and social; political and diplomatic; economic and financial), threats (educational and research; cultural and social; political and security; managerial, structural, and regulatory), strengths (extensive connection with the axis of resistance; expertise and proficiency in various fields; emphasis on Iranian values and religion in the university), and weaknesses (lack of educational infrastructure and standard equipment; lack of introduction of the university in communication media; limited support of culture and organizational structure for internationalization). Among these, the scientific and academic factor in the opportunities dimension, the political and security factor in the threats dimension, the extensive connection with the axis of resistance in the strengths dimension, and the lack of standardized educational and equipment infrastructure in the weaknesses dimension were identified as the most significant factors. Conclusion: Given that entering the international arena requires identifying opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses, the results of this study can serve as a foundation for developing effective strategies for the internationalization of the university. This research not only provides a better understanding of the current state of internationalization but also offers recommendations for improving the process, such as strengthening international collaborations, researching and evaluating global market needs, enhancing research and educational infrastructure, and providing financial and structural support for internationalization. Background and Aim: As a key strategy, the internationalization of universities not only enhances the quality of education and research but also provides numerous opportunities for cultural, economic, political, and scientific development that need to be identified. At the same time, this process is accompanied by multiple threats and challenges that require thorough examination and analysis. In this context, this study aims to thoroughly identify the opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses of a military medical sciences university to propose strategies for enhancing its international standing and transforming it into a scientific hub. Methods: The study was a descriptive, qualitative study conducted using a cross-sectional method at the University of Military Medical Sciences in 2024. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews using snowball sampling with ten participants, including managers, vice-chancellors, department heads, and staff. Each interview lasted between 15 to 40 minutes. The data were then organized and recorded using MAXQDA software, and thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step approach was employed to identify and categorize main and sub-themes. Results: In data analysis, 69 primary codes were identified across four dimensions: opportunities (scientific and academic; cultural and social; political and diplomatic; economic and financial), threats (educational and research; cultural and social; political and security; managerial, structural, and regulatory), strengths (extensive connection with the axis of resistance; expertise and proficiency in various fields; emphasis on Iranian values and religion in the university), and weaknesses (lack of educational infrastructure and standard equipment; lack of introduction of the university in communication media; limited support of culture and organizational structure for internationalization). Among these, the scientific and academic factor in the opportunities dimension, the political and security factor in the threats dimension, the extensive connection with the axis of resistance in the strengths dimension, and the lack of standardized educational and equipment infrastructure in the weaknesses dimension were identified as the most significant factors. Conclusion: Given that entering the international arena requires identifying opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses, the results of this study can serve as a foundation for developing effective strategies for the internationalization of the university. This research not only provides a better understanding of the current state of internationalization but also offers recommendations for improving the process, such as strengthening international collaborations, researching and evaluating global market needs, enhancing research and educational infrastructure, and providing financial and structural support for internationalization.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001305_3b470b275a18c4e9b7772db7b59f0991.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 27 2 2025 07 21 The Level of Knowledge about Hepatitis C among Individuals who Refer to Pre-marriage Centers in Tehran: A Cross-sectional Study The Level of Knowledge about Hepatitis C among Individuals who Refer to Pre-marriage Centers in Tehran: A Cross-sectional Study 2746 2756 1001306 10.30491/jmm.2025.1006773.1253 FA Mohammad Heiat Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Soleymanitabar Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Hashemi Aghdam Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Taha Chartab Mohammadi Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Abyazi Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-4123-3268 Journal Article 2024 11 11 Background and Aim: The global health strategy aims to eliminate hepatitis C by 2030. Increasing public knowledge is the turning point and key to eradicating this health-threatening disease. Therefore, people's knowledge of hepatitis is considered a determinant of success. People are usually not educated about this disease, and without the appearance of new symptoms, they are neither asked for a test nor seek a diagnosis of the disease themselves. The first step is to understand the current situation to reach the goal and make a decision. In this study, we decided to evaluate the level of knowledge of people referring to health centers in Tehran from September 2021 to February 2022 about HCV infection. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 18 authorized health centers for premarital tests were used as sampling clusters for the study, and the knowledge of people referring to those centers was measured and analyzed using a valid questionnaire. Transmission, treatment, and the necessity of HCV infection screening were the three factors of the questionnaire. Results: A total of 2534 people aged 14 to 84 participated in this study. Meanwhile, 30.3% of the participants reported that they had not heard anything about HCV infection, and more than 70% did not know which part of the body is involved in HCV infection. About 80% of people did not know that hepatitis C has a definitive treatment, and there is no effective vaccine for it. The average overall knowledge of transmission, treatment, and the necessity of HCV screening was evaluated as 38.77%. The results showed that people with more study hours had a significantly higher knowledge score about HCV infection (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings confirm that the overall knowledge about HCV infection in the high-risk population is alarmingly low. Although further studies are necessary to confirm our findings, adopting knowledge-enhancing strategies is recommended. Background and Aim: The global health strategy aims to eliminate hepatitis C by 2030. Increasing public knowledge is the turning point and key to eradicating this health-threatening disease. Therefore, people's knowledge of hepatitis is considered a determinant of success. People are usually not educated about this disease, and without the appearance of new symptoms, they are neither asked for a test nor seek a diagnosis of the disease themselves. The first step is to understand the current situation to reach the goal and make a decision. In this study, we decided to evaluate the level of knowledge of people referring to health centers in Tehran from September 2021 to February 2022 about HCV infection. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 18 authorized health centers for premarital tests were used as sampling clusters for the study, and the knowledge of people referring to those centers was measured and analyzed using a valid questionnaire. Transmission, treatment, and the necessity of HCV infection screening were the three factors of the questionnaire. Results: A total of 2534 people aged 14 to 84 participated in this study. Meanwhile, 30.3% of the participants reported that they had not heard anything about HCV infection, and more than 70% did not know which part of the body is involved in HCV infection. About 80% of people did not know that hepatitis C has a definitive treatment, and there is no effective vaccine for it. The average overall knowledge of transmission, treatment, and the necessity of HCV screening was evaluated as 38.77%. The results showed that people with more study hours had a significantly higher knowledge score about HCV infection (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings confirm that the overall knowledge about HCV infection in the high-risk population is alarmingly low. Although further studies are necessary to confirm our findings, adopting knowledge-enhancing strategies is recommended.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001306_1007a307429ad6fa4fa3f863abce0820.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 27 2 2025 07 21 The Relationship Between Personality Dimensions with Addiction Tendency, Suicidal Ideation, and Self-Harm Behavior in Soldiers: The Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility The Relationship Between Personality Dimensions with Addiction Tendency, Suicidal Ideation, and Self-Harm Behavior in Soldiers: The Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility 2757 2771 1001307 10.30491/jmm.2025.1006784.1263 FA Amir Masoud Mirbagheri Student Research Committee, (Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine) Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Masjidi Arani Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-4660-3619 Zahra Hazareh International Campus, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadougi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Esfandiar Azad Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Sam Kianimoghadam Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 12 15 Background and Aim: The present study aims to examine the relationship between personality dimensions and the propensity for addiction, suicidal ideation, and self-injurious behavior among soldiers, with psychological flexibility serving as a mediating variable. This research employs structural equation modeling to analyze the proposed relationships. Methods: The statistical population of this study comprised all general duty soldiers serving in police force barracks in Yazd city during the autumn of 2023. A sample of 350 soldiers was selected using a cluster random sampling method. All participants completed the following instruments: the NEO Five-Factor Inventory short form (NEO-FFI), the Tendency to Addiction Questionnaire (TAQ), the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), and the second edition of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). The collected data were subsequently analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling, facilitated by SPSS Version 29 and SmartPLS Version 4 software. Results: The findings indicated that psychological flexibility and personality dimensions have a positive and significant relationship with addiction proneness, suicidality, and self-injurious behavior (P<0.01). Furthermore, psychological flexibility played a mediating role in the relationship between personality dimensions and the research variables. Composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha for the model constructs were above 0.7, and the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) was reported to be above 0.5, indicating adequate validity and reliability of the model. Conclusion: Considering the influential role of psychological flexibility and personality dimensions in predicting tendencies toward addiction, suicidal ideation, and self-injurious behavior, practitioners and researchers can develop targeted interventions aimed at enhancing psychological flexibility and timely identification of personality-based risk factors. Such proactive measures have the potential to mitigate adverse outcomes, including substance abuse, suicide, and self-harm, thereby alleviating the associated societal and individual burdens. Background and Aim: The present study aims to examine the relationship between personality dimensions and the propensity for addiction, suicidal ideation, and self-injurious behavior among soldiers, with psychological flexibility serving as a mediating variable. This research employs structural equation modeling to analyze the proposed relationships. Methods: The statistical population of this study comprised all general duty soldiers serving in police force barracks in Yazd city during the autumn of 2023. A sample of 350 soldiers was selected using a cluster random sampling method. All participants completed the following instruments: the NEO Five-Factor Inventory short form (NEO-FFI), the Tendency to Addiction Questionnaire (TAQ), the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), and the second edition of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). The collected data were subsequently analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling, facilitated by SPSS Version 29 and SmartPLS Version 4 software. Results: The findings indicated that psychological flexibility and personality dimensions have a positive and significant relationship with addiction proneness, suicidality, and self-injurious behavior (P<0.01). Furthermore, psychological flexibility played a mediating role in the relationship between personality dimensions and the research variables. Composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha for the model constructs were above 0.7, and the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) was reported to be above 0.5, indicating adequate validity and reliability of the model. Conclusion: Considering the influential role of psychological flexibility and personality dimensions in predicting tendencies toward addiction, suicidal ideation, and self-injurious behavior, practitioners and researchers can develop targeted interventions aimed at enhancing psychological flexibility and timely identification of personality-based risk factors. Such proactive measures have the potential to mitigate adverse outcomes, including substance abuse, suicide, and self-harm, thereby alleviating the associated societal and individual burdens.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001307_e9110412941b09229a97adf1cc00d2c8.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 27 2 2025 07 21 The Effect of Aerobic Training and Safflower Seed Extract on the Renal Expression of AMPKα2/Akt1/mTOR Genes in Wistar Rats Exposed to Dexamethasone The Effect of Aerobic Training and Safflower Seed Extract on the Renal Expression of AMPKα2/Akt1/mTOR Genes in Wistar Rats Exposed to Dexamethasone 2772 2783 1001308 10.30491/jmm.2025.1006791.1270 FA Khadijeh Nasiri Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Abolfazl Akbari Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Rozita Fathi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Mohammad Nasri Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Journal Article 2024 12 03 Background and Aim: Dexamethasone, a widely used glucocorticoid, can have long-term detrimental effects on organs such as the heart, kidney, and liver due to immunosuppression. Imbalances in gene expression can exacerbate renal diseases. Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the effects of safflower and exercise training on the immune system and renal function. This study aimed to investigate the expression of three genes (AMPKα2, Akt1, and mTOR) in the kidneys of male rats exposed to dexamethasone after interventions with moderate-intensity aerobic training and safflower seed extract. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats (aged 4-6 weeks) were randomly divided into five groups: control, dexamethasone, dexamethasone+aerobic training, dexamethasone+safflower extract, and dexamethasone+safflower extract+aerobic training. Dexamethasone (8 mg/kg) was administered by subcutaneous injection for six days. The aerobic training protocol involved 8 weeks of progressive exercise, starting at 10 m/min for 10 minutes in the first week and increasing to 28 m/min for 60 minutes in the final week. Safflower seed extract (500 mg/kg/day) was orally administered by gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of the intervention period, renal tissue samples were collected, and the expression of target genes was assessed using real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with GraphPad Prism software, and statistical significance was set at P≤0.05. Results: The expression of the AMPKα2 gene increased significantly in the dexamethasone+aerobic training, dexamethasone+safflower extract, and dexamethasone+safflower extract+aerobic training groups compared to the control (P=0.0004), (P=0.0102), (P=0.0008) and dexamethasone (P=0.0016), (P=0.0369), (P=0.0033), respectively. Renal expression of the Akt gene increased significantly in all groups receiving dexamethasone compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Additionally, Akt expression was significantly increased in the dexamethasone+safflower extract group compared to the dexamethasone group (P=0.0457). The expression of the mTOR gene also increased significantly in the dexamethasone, dexamethasone+aerobic exercise, and dexamethasone+safflower extract groups compared to the control (P≤0.05). However, its expression was significantly lower in the dexamethasone+aerobic training+safflower extract group compared to the dexamethasone group (P=0.0303). Conclusion: Moderate-intensity aerobic training and the consumption of safflower seed extract may effectively modulate the side effects of dexamethasone on the expression of the selected genes (AMPKα2, Akt1, and mTOR) in kidney tissue. Background and Aim: Dexamethasone, a widely used glucocorticoid, can have long-term detrimental effects on organs such as the heart, kidney, and liver due to immunosuppression. Imbalances in gene expression can exacerbate renal diseases. Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the effects of safflower and exercise training on the immune system and renal function. This study aimed to investigate the expression of three genes (AMPKα2, Akt1, and mTOR) in the kidneys of male rats exposed to dexamethasone after interventions with moderate-intensity aerobic training and safflower seed extract. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats (aged 4-6 weeks) were randomly divided into five groups: control, dexamethasone, dexamethasone+aerobic training, dexamethasone+safflower extract, and dexamethasone+safflower extract+aerobic training. Dexamethasone (8 mg/kg) was administered by subcutaneous injection for six days. The aerobic training protocol involved 8 weeks of progressive exercise, starting at 10 m/min for 10 minutes in the first week and increasing to 28 m/min for 60 minutes in the final week. Safflower seed extract (500 mg/kg/day) was orally administered by gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of the intervention period, renal tissue samples were collected, and the expression of target genes was assessed using real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with GraphPad Prism software, and statistical significance was set at P≤0.05. Results: The expression of the AMPKα2 gene increased significantly in the dexamethasone+aerobic training, dexamethasone+safflower extract, and dexamethasone+safflower extract+aerobic training groups compared to the control (P=0.0004), (P=0.0102), (P=0.0008) and dexamethasone (P=0.0016), (P=0.0369), (P=0.0033), respectively. Renal expression of the Akt gene increased significantly in all groups receiving dexamethasone compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Additionally, Akt expression was significantly increased in the dexamethasone+safflower extract group compared to the dexamethasone group (P=0.0457). The expression of the mTOR gene also increased significantly in the dexamethasone, dexamethasone+aerobic exercise, and dexamethasone+safflower extract groups compared to the control (P≤0.05). However, its expression was significantly lower in the dexamethasone+aerobic training+safflower extract group compared to the dexamethasone group (P=0.0303). Conclusion: Moderate-intensity aerobic training and the consumption of safflower seed extract may effectively modulate the side effects of dexamethasone on the expression of the selected genes (AMPKα2, Akt1, and mTOR) in kidney tissue.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001308_738eacb32a3409c5260db96385637332.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 27 2 2025 07 21 Explaining the Experiences of Students and Medical Staff Regarding the Collaboration and Presence of Nursing Students in COVID-19 Inpatient Wards: Content Analysis Explaining the Experiences of Students and Medical Staff Regarding the Collaboration and Presence of Nursing Students in COVID-19 Inpatient Wards: Content Analysis 2784 2796 1001309 10.30491/jmm.2025.1006804.1281 FA Batool Nehrir Nursing Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Mansouri Nursing Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Tayeb Moradian Nursing Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 12 22 Background and Aim: Understanding the unique experiences of nursing staff and students in providing frontline support in COVID-19 hospital wards is essential for designing clinical education strategies. Explaining the experiences of students and medical staff regarding the presence of nursing students in COVID-19 inpatient wards is a critical necessity for identifying challenges, opportunities, and the impact of this presence on the educational process, enhancement of clinical skills, and improvement of care quality in future health crises. This qualitative study aimed to determine the experiences of medical staff and nursing students concerning the collaboration and presence of nursing students in the COVID-19 inpatient wards of Baqiyatallah Hospital. Methods: This qualitative research study employed a content analysis approach and was conducted through 21 individual semi-structured interviews with nurses, trainee, and intern students working in the COVID-19 inpatient wards of Baqiyatallah Hospital. Data were organized using MAXQDA 10 software. Results: A total of 544 codes were extracted from the conducted interviews. Ultimately, these codes were categorized into three main themes and 13 sub-themes. The main themes and sub-themes extracted from the data included: supported autonomy (limited skills and learning, training, learning and supervision, error and correction, environmental and skill awareness, outcomes of care, and novice caregiver), ambiguity in implementation (unclear job descriptions, legal issues, and unclear university supervision), and challenge and stress (moral tension, emotional tension, ambiguity in communication and interaction, and post-traumatic growth). Conclusion: Understanding the unique experiences of nursing students and their nurse colleagues working in treatment wards to provide care services is highly important for designing strategies to improve crisis management in future pandemics. Stakeholders must provide necessary training and support to students to address existing challenges. Background and Aim: Understanding the unique experiences of nursing staff and students in providing frontline support in COVID-19 hospital wards is essential for designing clinical education strategies. Explaining the experiences of students and medical staff regarding the presence of nursing students in COVID-19 inpatient wards is a critical necessity for identifying challenges, opportunities, and the impact of this presence on the educational process, enhancement of clinical skills, and improvement of care quality in future health crises. This qualitative study aimed to determine the experiences of medical staff and nursing students concerning the collaboration and presence of nursing students in the COVID-19 inpatient wards of Baqiyatallah Hospital. Methods: This qualitative research study employed a content analysis approach and was conducted through 21 individual semi-structured interviews with nurses, trainee, and intern students working in the COVID-19 inpatient wards of Baqiyatallah Hospital. Data were organized using MAXQDA 10 software. Results: A total of 544 codes were extracted from the conducted interviews. Ultimately, these codes were categorized into three main themes and 13 sub-themes. The main themes and sub-themes extracted from the data included: supported autonomy (limited skills and learning, training, learning and supervision, error and correction, environmental and skill awareness, outcomes of care, and novice caregiver), ambiguity in implementation (unclear job descriptions, legal issues, and unclear university supervision), and challenge and stress (moral tension, emotional tension, ambiguity in communication and interaction, and post-traumatic growth). Conclusion: Understanding the unique experiences of nursing students and their nurse colleagues working in treatment wards to provide care services is highly important for designing strategies to improve crisis management in future pandemics. Stakeholders must provide necessary training and support to students to address existing challenges.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001309_40aa369913e6e3a5b898cff527448af1.pdf