Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 26 3 2024 08 22 Association between Maternal Exposure to PAHs and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Observational Studies Association between Maternal Exposure to PAHs and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Observational Studies 2288 2300 1001262 10.30491/jmm.2024.1006727.1219 FA Mostafa Akbariqomi Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Mohammad Latifi Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Vahedian-azimi Nursing care research center, Clinical sciences institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Milad Mohamadzadeh Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Abdi Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Miri Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Sara Ashtari Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyedeh Noushin Ghalandarpoor-Attar Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 08 22 Background and Aim: Pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pose significant environmental and health risks. Exposure to PAHs has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal exposure to PAHs and Preterm Birth. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases were searched without a time limit until June 16, 2024. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE framework to evaluate the credibility of the evidence. Data analysis was done using random-effects models and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval to synthesize association estimates. Heterogeneity between studies was investigated using Cochran’s Q test and I-squared (I2) statistic, and publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's test. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 17 (Stata Corp; College Station; TX, USA) software. Results: Out of 5695 studies screened, 6 with a total sample size of 45158 were included in our final review. The results of the meta-analysis showed a non-significant overall association between maternal exposure to PAH metabolites and preterm birth (OR: 1.09, 95%CI: 0.80-1.49, P=0.59) and the I-squared index indicated significant heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 88.23%, P<0.001). Based on the funnel plot analysis and the results Begg's test (P=0.964) and Egger's regression test (P=0.855) both suggested no significant publication bias. Conclusion: This study underscores the no effect of PAHs exposure on preterm birth. However, further well-designed prospective studies with standardized exposure assessment methods and rigorous control of confounding factors are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking PAH exposure to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Background and Aim: Pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pose significant environmental and health risks. Exposure to PAHs has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal exposure to PAHs and Preterm Birth. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases were searched without a time limit until June 16, 2024. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE framework to evaluate the credibility of the evidence. Data analysis was done using random-effects models and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval to synthesize association estimates. Heterogeneity between studies was investigated using Cochran’s Q test and I-squared (I2) statistic, and publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's test. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 17 (Stata Corp; College Station; TX, USA) software. Results: Out of 5695 studies screened, 6 with a total sample size of 45158 were included in our final review. The results of the meta-analysis showed a non-significant overall association between maternal exposure to PAH metabolites and preterm birth (OR: 1.09, 95%CI: 0.80-1.49, P=0.59) and the I-squared index indicated significant heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 88.23%, P<0.001). Based on the funnel plot analysis and the results Begg's test (P=0.964) and Egger's regression test (P=0.855) both suggested no significant publication bias. Conclusion: This study underscores the no effect of PAHs exposure on preterm birth. However, further well-designed prospective studies with standardized exposure assessment methods and rigorous control of confounding factors are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking PAH exposure to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001262_aa576436193c4ae4622e4a05b940ab6e.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 26 3 2024 08 22 A Review of the Effect of Nootropic Compounds in Increasing the Cognitive Resilience of Military Forces and Existing Challenges A Review of the Effect of Nootropic Compounds in Increasing the Cognitive Resilience of Military Forces and Existing Challenges 2301 2309 1001263 10.30491/jmm.2024.1006688.1191 FA Masoumeh Foroutan Koudehi Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Darvishzadeh Mahani Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Akram Nezhadi Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 07 01 Military personnel are exposed to various stressful factors that can cause irreparable damage to the persons' mental health. Resilience is a trait that can help military personnel resist stressful factors. Today, armies seek new ways to boost resilience in soldiers. One of the proposed and under-study methods is the use of nootropics or smart drugs. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of smart drugs on cognitive resilience. For this purpose, the literature review was conducted with the search of databases, including Google Scholar, IranMedex, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLIB, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Resilience is a multilateral framework that includes various aspects such as biologic, physiologic, and sociologic. Although some studies emphasize the efficacy of nootropics in enhancing cognitive functions through different pathways, clinical trials are still limited in this area. Despite preliminary evidence, some people suggest cognitive enhancement potential for certain compounds؛ but important questions such as safety, efficacy, and individual variability remain unanswered. More research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and potential interactions of nootropics on resilience and cognitive function. Also, long-term studies are necessary to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of these compounds, especially in the military population. Military personnel are exposed to various stressful factors that can cause irreparable damage to the persons' mental health. Resilience is a trait that can help military personnel resist stressful factors. Today, armies seek new ways to boost resilience in soldiers. One of the proposed and under-study methods is the use of nootropics or smart drugs. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of smart drugs on cognitive resilience. For this purpose, the literature review was conducted with the search of databases, including Google Scholar, IranMedex, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLIB, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Resilience is a multilateral framework that includes various aspects such as biologic, physiologic, and sociologic. Although some studies emphasize the efficacy of nootropics in enhancing cognitive functions through different pathways, clinical trials are still limited in this area. Despite preliminary evidence, some people suggest cognitive enhancement potential for certain compounds؛ but important questions such as safety, efficacy, and individual variability remain unanswered. More research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and potential interactions of nootropics on resilience and cognitive function. Also, long-term studies are necessary to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of these compounds, especially in the military population.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001263_dddac392c0a61f82623cf4ce0d57f9a0.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 26 3 2024 08 22 Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles Conjugated with 2-Pyridinium Aldoxime as Potential Antidotes of Nerve Agents Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles Conjugated with 2-Pyridinium Aldoxime as Potential Antidotes of Nerve Agents 2310 2321 1001264 10.30491/jmm.2024.1006674.1181 FA Sajjad Jamshidi Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hadi Baghersad Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 06 10 Background and Aim: Organophosphate compounds, including nerve agents, pesticides, chemical agent analogs, and Novichok, pose a serious health hazard to humans. Their use against humans was banned by 192 countries in 1993 under the Chemical Weapons Convention. The toxic effects of these compounds involve the phosphorylation and subsequent inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapses of the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in neurotoxic poisoning symptoms. The drugs used to treat this poisoning are compounds that can cross the blood-brain barrier by a maximum of 10% and therefore do not effectively detoxify the central nervous system. This research aims to design and synthesize a superparamagnetic nano-reactivator to activate the inhibited enzyme in the central nervous system. Methods: In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with 2-pyridinium aldoxime were designed and synthesized in four steps. The characteristics of the nanoparticles were determined by infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and electron microscopy (SEM). Their activation effect was compared with pralidoxime, a commercially available drug, using the Ellman method in vitro. Results: The results of the Ellman method showed that the percentage of activation of the paraoxon-inhibited enzyme by pralidoxime as a commercially available antidote and the synthesized nanoparticles at a concentration of 5 mM over 30 minutes was 88.6% and 39.3%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the designed iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with 2-pyridinium aldoxime can be synthesized and activate acetylcholinesterase inhibited by paraoxon. Therefore, future studies should investigate the effect of other groups such as 4-pyridinium aldoxime, 2,4-pyridinium aldoxime, etc., on the enzyme activation performance and the ability of these nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier. Background and Aim: Organophosphate compounds, including nerve agents, pesticides, chemical agent analogs, and Novichok, pose a serious health hazard to humans. Their use against humans was banned by 192 countries in 1993 under the Chemical Weapons Convention. The toxic effects of these compounds involve the phosphorylation and subsequent inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapses of the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in neurotoxic poisoning symptoms. The drugs used to treat this poisoning are compounds that can cross the blood-brain barrier by a maximum of 10% and therefore do not effectively detoxify the central nervous system. This research aims to design and synthesize a superparamagnetic nano-reactivator to activate the inhibited enzyme in the central nervous system. Methods: In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with 2-pyridinium aldoxime were designed and synthesized in four steps. The characteristics of the nanoparticles were determined by infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and electron microscopy (SEM). Their activation effect was compared with pralidoxime, a commercially available drug, using the Ellman method in vitro. Results: The results of the Ellman method showed that the percentage of activation of the paraoxon-inhibited enzyme by pralidoxime as a commercially available antidote and the synthesized nanoparticles at a concentration of 5 mM over 30 minutes was 88.6% and 39.3%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the designed iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with 2-pyridinium aldoxime can be synthesized and activate acetylcholinesterase inhibited by paraoxon. Therefore, future studies should investigate the effect of other groups such as 4-pyridinium aldoxime, 2,4-pyridinium aldoxime, etc., on the enzyme activation performance and the ability of these nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001264_01afd28bef65d6cc768fb2db91990e74.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 26 3 2024 08 22 Investigating the Effect of Continuous Care Model on the Resilience of Hemodialysis Patients in a Selected Military Hospital in Tehran: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study Investigating the Effect of Continuous Care Model on the Resilience of Hemodialysis Patients in a Selected Military Hospital in Tehran: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study 2322 2331 1001265 10.30491/jmm.2024.1006648.1160 FA Seyedeh Masoomeh Mosavi Student Research Committee, School of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Effat Afaghi Critical Care Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Amir Hosein Pishgooie Critical Care Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nasrin Jafari-Golestan Nursing Management Department, School of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 04 22 Background and Aim: One of the chronic diseases that has developed widely is chronic kidney disease. Hemodialysis is the most common treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. The experience of hemodialysis and its problems affect people's resilience. Considering the chronic nature of the disease in hemodialysis patients and the need for continuous education and continuous care in these patients and the limited availability of articles, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the continuous care model on the resilience of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was conducted as a clinical trial on 74 patients (37 experimental patients and 37 control patients) undergoing hemodialysis in 2023, at Shahid Chamran Hospital in Tehran. In this study, a simple randomization method with coin toss was used to allocate units in the experimental and control groups. Personal characteristics questionnaire and Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire were used to collect information. In the experimental group, in addition to routine care, the continuous care model was implemented in 4 stages (including four stages of orientation, sensitization, control, and evaluation) for one month. The resilience of the patients was measured before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS version 23 and analyzed. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of individual characteristics and average resilience (P<0.05). Based on the results, the implementation of the continuous care model had improved the average resilience score (P<0.001). At the time of follow-up, this difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.001) and it was still higher in the endurance test group. Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients are under high pressure and stress and need higher resilience. This study showed that the continuous care model is useful in promoting resilience and increasing tolerance of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is recommended to use continuous care model in hemodialysis patients. Background and Aim: One of the chronic diseases that has developed widely is chronic kidney disease. Hemodialysis is the most common treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. The experience of hemodialysis and its problems affect people's resilience. Considering the chronic nature of the disease in hemodialysis patients and the need for continuous education and continuous care in these patients and the limited availability of articles, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the continuous care model on the resilience of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was conducted as a clinical trial on 74 patients (37 experimental patients and 37 control patients) undergoing hemodialysis in 2023, at Shahid Chamran Hospital in Tehran. In this study, a simple randomization method with coin toss was used to allocate units in the experimental and control groups. Personal characteristics questionnaire and Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire were used to collect information. In the experimental group, in addition to routine care, the continuous care model was implemented in 4 stages (including four stages of orientation, sensitization, control, and evaluation) for one month. The resilience of the patients was measured before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS version 23 and analyzed. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of individual characteristics and average resilience (P<0.05). Based on the results, the implementation of the continuous care model had improved the average resilience score (P<0.001). At the time of follow-up, this difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.001) and it was still higher in the endurance test group. Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients are under high pressure and stress and need higher resilience. This study showed that the continuous care model is useful in promoting resilience and increasing tolerance of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is recommended to use continuous care model in hemodialysis patients.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001265_dccef551f7d9109edb948ac62b6d0e44.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 26 3 2024 08 22 Resilience of the Drug Supply Chain Using Blockchain Technology Resilience of the Drug Supply Chain Using Blockchain Technology 2332 2346 1001266 10.30491/jmm.2024.1006641.1154 FA Abolfazl Nikzadipanah Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran 0009-0005-7258-4898 Mohebali Rahdar Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran Ghorbanali Bandani Emergency Department, Nabi Akram Hospital, Zahedan, Iran Journal Article 2024 03 17 Background and Aim: Blockchain technology is transforming various industry sectors, including pharmaceuticals, due to its potential to revolutionize the drug system. Integrating blockchain into supply chain design decentralizes pharmaceutical supply chain management, improving workflow efficiency and reducing security threats. This study examines the impact of integrating blockchain technology into pharmaceutical supply chain practices on transparency and resilience. By adopting organizational information processing theory, a research model was developed to investigate the impact of blockchain features, including data quality, smart contracts, and traceability, on supply chain resilience and transparency. Additionally, the study examined the impact of supply chain transparency on resilience. Methods: Data were collected from 215 pharmaceutical industry personnel in Iran using an electronic survey. RStudio software was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that data quality significantly affects the transparency and resilience of the pharmaceutical supply chain. While smart contracts are positively associated with supply chain transparency, they do not impact resilience. Traceability is positively associated with both transparency and resilience. Blockchain-based supply chain transparency positively impacts resilience. Conclusion: Integrating blockchain technology into the pharmaceutical supply chain can enhance transparency and resilience, enabling recovery from disruptive events. These insights can help pharmaceutical supply chain managers and stakeholders develop strategies to best utilize blockchain technology for enhancing transparency and resilience. Background and Aim: Blockchain technology is transforming various industry sectors, including pharmaceuticals, due to its potential to revolutionize the drug system. Integrating blockchain into supply chain design decentralizes pharmaceutical supply chain management, improving workflow efficiency and reducing security threats. This study examines the impact of integrating blockchain technology into pharmaceutical supply chain practices on transparency and resilience. By adopting organizational information processing theory, a research model was developed to investigate the impact of blockchain features, including data quality, smart contracts, and traceability, on supply chain resilience and transparency. Additionally, the study examined the impact of supply chain transparency on resilience. Methods: Data were collected from 215 pharmaceutical industry personnel in Iran using an electronic survey. RStudio software was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that data quality significantly affects the transparency and resilience of the pharmaceutical supply chain. While smart contracts are positively associated with supply chain transparency, they do not impact resilience. Traceability is positively associated with both transparency and resilience. Blockchain-based supply chain transparency positively impacts resilience. Conclusion: Integrating blockchain technology into the pharmaceutical supply chain can enhance transparency and resilience, enabling recovery from disruptive events. These insights can help pharmaceutical supply chain managers and stakeholders develop strategies to best utilize blockchain technology for enhancing transparency and resilience.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001266_2dd9e317fff95a7e90220ab9cc2a6e93.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 26 3 2024 08 22 Evaluation of the Status of Human Resource Management and Hospital Equipment in Selected Military Hospitals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Five Military Centers Evaluation of the Status of Human Resource Management and Hospital Equipment in Selected Military Hospitals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Five Military Centers 2347 2354 1001267 10.30491/jmm.2024.1006444.1034 FA Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yousef Alimohamadi Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Yousefi Arfaei Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmood Salesi Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Morteza Izadi Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Raei Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5899-4744 Journal Article 2023 05 28 Background and Aim: The impact of hospital management on COVID-19 mortality involves examining various management strategies, assessing the adequacy of hospital resources, and evaluating the efficiency of healthcare systems in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence suggests that effective hospital management and adequate hospital equipment can significantly reduce COVID-19 mortality rates. However, evidence regarding the role of these factors in military hospitals in Iran is limited. The present study aims to investigate the effect of human resource management and hospital equipment in COVID-19 related mortality in five military hospitals in Iran. Methods: Hospital data, including the number of hospital beds, number of nurses, number of ICU beds, number of ICU nurses, number of hospital ventilators, availability of CT scan or PCR devices, and hospital infection rates, were collected from the specified hospitals in Tehran, Tabriz, Kerman, Isfahan, and Kermanshah during the period from February 2021 to July 2022. Data collection was done through in-person and interview methods. Results: The study analyzed data from the records of 2,500 patients who died from COVID-19 in five medical centers in Tehran, Tabriz, Isfahan, Kerman, and Kermanshah. Factors such as the percentage of ICU beds relative to the total number of hospital beds, the percentage of ICU nurses relative to the total number of hospital nurses, and the percentage of ICU beds relative to the total number of hospital admissions showed an inverse relationship with COVID-19 mortality, although this relationship was not statistically significant. The most significant factor associated with mortality was an increase in the number of occupied hospital beds. Conclusion: Military hospitals in Iran have been relatively successful in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic, and human resource management and hospital equipment do not have a significant correlation with high mortality rates. However, a high number of patient admissions in the context of insufficient resources can affect COVID-19 mortality. Increasing the number of treatment-related equipment, such as ventilators, and optimizing ICU can improve hospitals' ability to combat against COVID-19, thereby helping to reduce mortality rates. Background and Aim: The impact of hospital management on COVID-19 mortality involves examining various management strategies, assessing the adequacy of hospital resources, and evaluating the efficiency of healthcare systems in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence suggests that effective hospital management and adequate hospital equipment can significantly reduce COVID-19 mortality rates. However, evidence regarding the role of these factors in military hospitals in Iran is limited. The present study aims to investigate the effect of human resource management and hospital equipment in COVID-19 related mortality in five military hospitals in Iran. Methods: Hospital data, including the number of hospital beds, number of nurses, number of ICU beds, number of ICU nurses, number of hospital ventilators, availability of CT scan or PCR devices, and hospital infection rates, were collected from the specified hospitals in Tehran, Tabriz, Kerman, Isfahan, and Kermanshah during the period from February 2021 to July 2022. Data collection was done through in-person and interview methods. Results: The study analyzed data from the records of 2,500 patients who died from COVID-19 in five medical centers in Tehran, Tabriz, Isfahan, Kerman, and Kermanshah. Factors such as the percentage of ICU beds relative to the total number of hospital beds, the percentage of ICU nurses relative to the total number of hospital nurses, and the percentage of ICU beds relative to the total number of hospital admissions showed an inverse relationship with COVID-19 mortality, although this relationship was not statistically significant. The most significant factor associated with mortality was an increase in the number of occupied hospital beds. Conclusion: Military hospitals in Iran have been relatively successful in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic, and human resource management and hospital equipment do not have a significant correlation with high mortality rates. However, a high number of patient admissions in the context of insufficient resources can affect COVID-19 mortality. Increasing the number of treatment-related equipment, such as ventilators, and optimizing ICU can improve hospitals' ability to combat against COVID-19, thereby helping to reduce mortality rates.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001267_b377f945dbc2318fa5874d8781de1dad.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 26 3 2024 08 22 The Effect of Eight Weeks of Moderate-intensity Interval Aerobic Training on Body Composition Indices of Chemical Warfare Veterans The Effect of Eight Weeks of Moderate-intensity Interval Aerobic Training on Body Composition Indices of Chemical Warfare Veterans 2355 2364 1001268 10.30491/jmm.2024.1006634.1148 FA Nahid Sotoodeh Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran Hossein Soltani Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sports Medicine Research Center, Torbat Heydarieh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran Journal Article 2024 02 27 Background and Aim: Sedentary lifestyle and physical fitness decline due to war-related complications lead to body composition changes in chemical warfare veterans and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of interval aerobic training on body composition indices of chemical warfare veterans. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. The sample consisted of 17 chemical warfare veterans with 35-25% disability percentage who were randomly assigned to either an experimental (10 subjects) or a control group (7 subjects). The chemical warfare veterans participated in an interval aerobic training program at 60-45% heart rate reserve intensity for eight weeks. Body composition indices were measured using a Body Composition Analyzer model 356 made in South Korea. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare pre-test and post-test means. Results: Interval aerobic training had a significant effect on body weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, fat-free mass, visceral fat levels, and visceral fat area. The training intervention did not have a significant effect on total body water, soft lean mass, and body minerals (P<0.05). Conclusion: The reduction in body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, and visceral fat levels following eight weeks of interval aerobic training leads to a favorable change in body composition and a decrease in overweight and obesity and potentially obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk factors. Background and Aim: Sedentary lifestyle and physical fitness decline due to war-related complications lead to body composition changes in chemical warfare veterans and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of interval aerobic training on body composition indices of chemical warfare veterans. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. The sample consisted of 17 chemical warfare veterans with 35-25% disability percentage who were randomly assigned to either an experimental (10 subjects) or a control group (7 subjects). The chemical warfare veterans participated in an interval aerobic training program at 60-45% heart rate reserve intensity for eight weeks. Body composition indices were measured using a Body Composition Analyzer model 356 made in South Korea. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare pre-test and post-test means. Results: Interval aerobic training had a significant effect on body weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, fat-free mass, visceral fat levels, and visceral fat area. The training intervention did not have a significant effect on total body water, soft lean mass, and body minerals (P<0.05). Conclusion: The reduction in body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, and visceral fat levels following eight weeks of interval aerobic training leads to a favorable change in body composition and a decrease in overweight and obesity and potentially obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk factors.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001268_6ecbbaa145c43f90844724d96257e256.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Military Medicine 1735-1537 26 3 2024 08 22 Explaining the Dimensions of Pre-hospital Emergency Preparedness in the Face of Biological Threats Explaining the Dimensions of Pre-hospital Emergency Preparedness in the Face of Biological Threats 2365 2374 1001269 10.30491/jmm.2024.1006647.1159 FA Rasoul Sadeghi Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ruhollah Zaboli Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Mehrabi Tavana Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadkarim Bahadori Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Nasiri Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 04 21 Background and Aim: The importance and role of the pre-hospital emergency system as the frontline of treatment in reducing casualties and damage to patients, as well as the unknown nature of some biohazardous factors, should be considered. This study aims to investigate the prepared components of the pre-hospital emergency system in dealing with biological threats. Methods: This study is a two-stage qualitative research. The first stage used the critical review method, and the second used the guided qualitative content analysis method. The studied population at this stage consisted of 14 people who were experts in the field of biology. Data were collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews. Results: After integrating the dimensions and components obtained from the literature review and interviews and based on the opinions of the supervisors and advisors and the summary of the research team, seven dimensions and 23 final components of pre-hospital preparedness in biothreat were extracted and finalized. The study's final findings include seven dimensions of disease warning and diagnosis, information and communication management, management, planning and evaluation, resources and equipment management, documenting and recording experiences, training and practice, and safety and security. Conclusion: The present study can be a reliable source for evaluating biological exercises and actual biological operations by identifying the components and dimensions required for biological exercise. Planning and implementing activities related to the role of the main elements of preparedness identified in this review can help improve the preparedness of emergency medical service systems in incidents. Also, the findings of this study provide valuable information to EMS educators, EMS managers, and researchers. Background and Aim: The importance and role of the pre-hospital emergency system as the frontline of treatment in reducing casualties and damage to patients, as well as the unknown nature of some biohazardous factors, should be considered. This study aims to investigate the prepared components of the pre-hospital emergency system in dealing with biological threats. Methods: This study is a two-stage qualitative research. The first stage used the critical review method, and the second used the guided qualitative content analysis method. The studied population at this stage consisted of 14 people who were experts in the field of biology. Data were collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews. Results: After integrating the dimensions and components obtained from the literature review and interviews and based on the opinions of the supervisors and advisors and the summary of the research team, seven dimensions and 23 final components of pre-hospital preparedness in biothreat were extracted and finalized. The study's final findings include seven dimensions of disease warning and diagnosis, information and communication management, management, planning and evaluation, resources and equipment management, documenting and recording experiences, training and practice, and safety and security. Conclusion: The present study can be a reliable source for evaluating biological exercises and actual biological operations by identifying the components and dimensions required for biological exercise. Planning and implementing activities related to the role of the main elements of preparedness identified in this review can help improve the preparedness of emergency medical service systems in incidents. Also, the findings of this study provide valuable information to EMS educators, EMS managers, and researchers.

https://militarymedj.bmsu.ac.ir/article_1001269_b29c4045b2b9e1fd372f09d8af11f4fe.pdf